vocab unit 7 Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
- Comparing the number of changes between amino acid sequences in different organisms to determine length of time between their evolution.
A
t. molecular clock
2
Q
- Two organisms on a phylogenetic tree that have a recent common ancestor.
A
o. sister taxa
3
Q
- Similar characteristics that evolved due to similar environemental factors rather than being due to a common ancestor.
A
p. analogy
4
Q
- Movement of organisms from one population to another
A
l. gene flow
5
Q
- The process of choosing a mate based on behavior or appearance.
A
u. sexual selection
6
Q
- A mechanism of reproductive isolation that prevents a hybrid organism from successfully creating their own offspring.
A
d. postzygotic barriers
7
Q
- A principal that explains how genetic variation in a population will stay constant unless particular disturbing factors are met.
A
h. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
8
Q
- A mechanism of selection that causes the variation of a trait to shift toward one of the extreme versions, due to changing environmental factors.
A
x. directional selection
9
Q
- The science of naming and classifying organisms
A
n. taxonomy
10
Q
- The movement of genetic material between individuals without creating offspring
A
g. horizontal gene transfer
11
Q
- The evolution of new species without geographic isolation
A
i. sympatric speciation
12
Q
- A random event or process that alters the allele frequency of a population.
A
y. genetic drift
13
Q
- Evolutionary changes within a population that result in new species or new groups of species being formed.
A
w. macroevolution
14
Q
- A selective mechanism that results in the most common version of a trait becoming less frequent, while both extreme variations become more frequent; typically due to environmental fluctuations.
A
k. disruptive selection
15
Q
- A trait shared by a group of organisms on a cladogram, but not shared by their common ancestor.
A
e. shared derived characteristic
16
Q
- A small group of organisms is separated from a large population and forms a new population, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity in the gene pool.
A
v. founder effect
17
Q
- The evolution of new species due to geographic separation.
A
c. allopatric speciation
18
Q
- Small changes in the gene frequency of a population over a relatively short period of time.
A
s. microevolution
19
Q
- A genetic phenomenon that occurs when individuals with different alleles have a higher relative fitness than individuals that have both dominant or both recessive alleles.
A
r. heterozygote advantage
20
Q
- The study of the evolutionary history and relatedness of organisms.
A
f. phylogeny
21
Q
- A mechanism of selection that results in the extreme versions of a trait to become even less common variations within the population.
A
b. stabilizing selection
22
Q
- An isolation mechanism that prevents individuals from different species from creating an offspring.
A
q. prezygotic barrier
23
Q
- A characteristic shared by a group of organisms on a cladogram as well as their common ancestor
A
a. shared ancestral characteristic
24
Q
- Trait or characteristic shared between species due to a common ancestor.
A
m. homology
25
25. A genetic phenomenon that results in the survival of only a small number of individuals from a former large population, decreasing genetic diversity in the new gene pool.
j. bottleneck effect
