Vocab Chap 5

Question 1

Activation energy

Answer 1

Minimum collision energy needed for a reaction to occur

Question 2

Alcohol fermentation is anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 2

Catabolic= alcohol fermentation

Question 3

Alcohol fermentation begins with

Answer 3

Glycolysis

Question 4

What does alcohol fermentation do?

Answer 4

Produces ethyl alcohol to reoxidize NADH

Question 5

Allosteric inhibition

Answer 5

For non competitive inhibitors; something binds to the allosteric side and changes enzyme activity.

Question 6

Allosteric site

Answer 6

Place where non-competitive inhibitor binds; not the active site

Question 7

Amination

Answer 7

Adding an amino group

Question 8

Amphibolic pathway

Answer 8

Is anabolic and catabolic

Question 9

Refers to all synthesis reactions in a living organism

Answer 9

Anabolism

Question 10

Building complex organic molecules from simple ones

Answer 10

Anabolism

Question 11

Anoxygenic

Answer 11

Does not make molecular oxygen,

Question 12

Cyclic photphosphorylation is typically anoxygenic meaning

Answer 12

Light is used to convert CO2 to organic compounds without making O2

Question 13

Cyclic photphosphorylation is typically anoxygenic meaning

Answer 13

Light is used to convert CO2 to organic compounds without making O2

Question 14

Apoenzyme

Answer 14

Protein portion of an enzyme which needs to be activated by a coenzyme

Question 15

Catabolism

Answer 15

All decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

Question 16

Catalyst

Answer 16

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction but isn’t changed permanently

Question 17

Chemiosmosis

Answer 17

Uses proton gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to make ATP

Question 18

Chemiosmosis

Answer 18

Uses proton gradient across a cytoplasmic membrane to make ATP

Question 19

Chemoheterotroph

Answer 19

Organism that uses organic molecules as source of carbon and energy

Question 20

Chemotroph

Answer 20

Organism that uses Redox reactions as it’s main energy source

Question 21

Coenzyme

Answer 21

Nonprotein substance that activates an enzyme

Question 22

coenzyme A

Answer 22

Coenzyme that functions in decarboxylation

Question 23

Cofactor

Answer 23

Non protein component of an enzyme that might enhance or cause disease.

Question 24

Collision theory

Answer 24

Chemical reactions happen because energy is gained as particles collide

Question 25

Cyclic photphosphorylation

Answer 25

Electron moves from chlorophyll through electron acceptors and back to chlorophyll

Question 26

Cyclic photphosphorylation is oxygenic or anoxygenic?

Answer 26

Anoxygenic

Question 27

Purple and green bacterial phosphorylation

Answer 27

Cyclic photphosphorylation

Question 28

Cytochrome

Answer 28

Protein that functions as electron carrier in cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 29

Catalyst

Answer 29

Substance that increases the rate of reaction but is not altered itself

Question 30

Dehydrogenation

Answer 30

Loss of hydrogen atoms from a substrate

Question 31

Denaturation

Answer 31

Change in molecular structure of a protein, making it non-functional

Question 32

Desulfurization

Answer 32

Removal of sulfur from an organic compound

Question 33

Electron transport chain

Answer 33

Compounds that transfer electrons from one to another, making ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

Question 34

Entner-Doudoroff pathway

Answer 34

Alternative pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid

Question 35

Temporary Union of an enzyme and it's substrate

Answer 35

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 36

Feedback inhibition

Answer 36

Inhibition of an enzyme in a particular pathway by the accumulation of the end product of the pathway

Question 37

Also called end product inhibition

Answer 37

Feedback inhibition

Question 38

Fermentation test

Answer 38

Used to determine whether a bacterium or yeast ferments a carbohydrate.

Question 39

Usual components of a fermentation test

Answer 39

Peptone broth with: 1. Carbohydrate 2. pH indicator 3. Inverted tube to trap gas

Question 40

Flavoprotein

Answer 40

Protein containing the coenzyme flavin

Question 41

Flavoprotein functions as an electron carrier in the

Answer 41

electron transport chain

Question 42

FMN

Answer 42

Coenzyme that functions in the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain

Question 43

FMN stands for

Answer 43

Flavin mononucleotide

Question 44

Glycolysis

Answer 44

Main pathway for the oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid

Question 45

Also called Embden-Myerhof pathway

Answer 45

Glycolysis

Question 46

Heterotroph

Answer 46

Requires an organic carbon source; also called organotroph

Question 47

Holoenzyme

Answer 47

Enzyme made of apoenzyme+ cofactor

Question 48

Lactic acid fermentation anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 48

Catabolic

Question 49

Lactic acid fermentation begins with

Answer 49

Glycolysis

Question 50

Lactic acid fermentation produces

Answer 50

Lactic acid to reoxidize NADH

Question 51

Metabolic pathway

Answer 51

Sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions occuring in a cell

Question 52

Oxidation

Answer 52

Removal of electrons from a molecule

Question 53

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 53

Synthesis of ATP coupled with electron transport

Question 54

Oxygenic

Answer 54

Makes oxygen; cyanobacteria and plant photosynthesis

Question 55

Also called organotroph

Answer 55

Heterotroph

Question 56

Requires an organic carbon source

Answer 56

Heterotroph

Question 57

Parasite

Answer 57

Derives nutrients from a living host

Question 58

Which pathway occurs simultaneously with glycolysis?

Answer 58

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 59

Function of pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 59

Makes pentoses and NADH without ATP production

Question 60

Also called hexose monophosphate shunt

Answer 60

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 61

Phosphorylation

Answer 61

Addition of a phosphate group to an organic molecule

Question 62

Photoheterotroph

Answer 62

Uses light as its energy source and an organic carbon source

Question 63

Photophosphorylation

Answer 63

Production of ATP in a series of Redox reactions

Question 64

How does photophosphorylation start?

Answer 64

Electrons from chlorophyll initiate the reactions

Question 65

Phototroph

Answer 65

An organism that uses light as its primary energy source

Question 66

Reduction

Answer 66

Addition of electrons to a molecule

Question 67

Respiration

Answer 67

A series of Redox reactions that generates ATP; final electron acceptor is usually an inorganic molecule

Question 68

Ribozyme

Answer 68

Enzyme consisting of RNA that specifically acts on strands of RNA to remove introns and splice together remaining exons

Question 69

Saprophyte

Answer 69

Organism that gets it's nutrients from dead organic matter

Question 70

Saprophyte

Answer 70

Organism gets it's nutrients from dead organic matter

Question 71

Saturation

Answer 71

Active site on an enzyme is occupied by substrate or product at all times

Question 72

Fatty acid with no double bonds

Answer 72

Saturated fatty acid

Question 73

Substrate

Answer 73

Any compound with which an enzyme reacts

Question 74

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 74

Making ATP by direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group from an intermediate metabolic compound to ADP

Question 75

Transamination

Answer 75

Transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to another organic acid

Question 76

Turnover number

Answer 76

Num. of substrate molecules acted on per enzyme molecule per second

Question 77

Ubiquinone

Answer 77

Non-protein carrier in an electron transport chain; also called coenzyme Q

Question 78

A low-molecular mass

Answer 78

Ubiquinone