Volume 1

Question 1

Who establishes the mission of the Air Force Medical Service?

Answer 1

Air Force Surgeon General.

Question 2

Ensuring medically fit forces, providing expeditionary medics, and improving the health of all we serve to meet our nation’s needs is best described as a part of the Air Force Medical Service’s

Answer 2

mission.

Question 3

The prevent illness and injury effect can best be described as the

Answer 3

health service support in garrison or deployed environments.

Question 4

Which Air Force Medical Service effects include identifying, assessing and controlling health hazards?

Answer 4

Prevent illness and injury.

Question 5

Optimizing force health and warfighter performance is best described as a part of the Aerospace & Operational Medicine Enterprise’s

Answer 5

mission.

Question 6

All aerospace medicine squadron (AMDS) members working together to accomplish the mission best describes

Answer 6

the team aerospace concept.

Question 7

The team aerospace concept is best illustrated by members of

Answer 7

Public health and BE working together to prevent and manage occupational injuries.

Question 8

Which of the following examples best illustrates the team aerospace concept?

Answer 8

Public health (PH) and bioenvironmental engineering (BE) team members working together to investigate a possible waterborne illness.

Question 9

Providing health risk assessment capability to enhance a commander’s decision making is part of the bioenvironmental engineering (BE)

Answer 9

mission.

Question 10

Which example best describes the bioenvironmental engineering (BE) primary capability of conducting predictive exposure assessments?

Answer 10

Use occupational and environmental health (OEH) data for predicting potential exposure

Question 11

Which agencies would bioenvironmental engineering interface with to correct a drinking water standard violation?

Answer 11

Civil engineering and the Environmental Protection Agency.

Question 12

Which agency would you consult for assistance when interpreting an Air Force Medical Support Agency policy?

Answer 12

The major command’s (MAJCOM) bioenvironmental engineering.

Question 13

Which forum meets once per month to review, discuss, and approve issues such as industrial hygiene recommendations?

Answer 13

Occupational and Environmental Health Working Group.

Question 14

If your responsibilities at a deployed location include performing vulnerability assessments, health hazard surveillance, and drinking water sampling, then you are a member of the

Answer 14

Preventive and aerospace medicine (PAM) team.

Question 15

If you are deployed following a radiological incident and asked to identify the radiological environment along with providing recommendations for protective actions then, you are a member of the

Answer 15

Air Force radiation assessment team.

Question 16

If you are deployed for the purpose of identifying the radiological environment and recommend protective actions to insure the health and safety of personnel and the surrounding community following radiological incidents, then you are a member of which unit type code (UTC)?

Answer 16

Air Force radiation assessment team.

Question 17

What change in the physical state occurs when sufficient heat is applied to a liquid?

Answer 17

Turns to gas.

Question 18

Which of the physical states of matter lacks both volume and shape?

Answer 18

Gas only.

Question 19

If matter is uniform in composition and properties then it is considered to be

Answer 19

homogeneous.

Question 20

Which example best describes a solution?

Answer 20

Ethyl alcohol dissolved in water.

Question 21

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is equal to the

Answer 21

atomic number.

Question 22

The mass number of an atom is equal to the sum of the number of

Answer 22

protons and neutrons.

Question 23

Where are the noble gases located within the periodic table?

Answer 23

Far right column.

Question 24

Due to their high reactivity, what commonly combines with organic compounds to form dangerous chemicals that can be toxic to humans?

Answer 24

Halogens.

Question 25

Elements form compounds in an attempt to

Answer 25

become more stable.

Question 26

A cation has a positive charge because the atom has

Answer 26

more protons than electrons.

Question 27

It is important to understand the chemical relationships that place compounds into distinct groups so you can more easily determine the

Answer 27

hazards of the compounds.

Question 28

If 50 grams of sodium chloride dissolves in enough water to make 500 grams of solution, what is the percent by mass?

Answer 28

10 percent.

Question 29

A solution with a potential of hydrogen (pH) of 3 is considered

Answer 29

acidic.

Question 30

What type of solution contains large amounts of both a weak acid and its conjugate base so that it resists change in its potential of hydrogen (pH) level?

Answer 30

Buffer.

Question 31

What is the molecular weight of a substance based on one mole?

Answer 31

6.022 x 10^23.

Question 32

Gay-Lussac’s law states that at a constant volume the pressure of a fixed mass of a given gas is directly proportional to the temperature (in Kelvin); therefore, as pressure

Answer 32

increases, temperature increases.

Question 33

The purpose of the plasma membrane within a cell is to

Answer 33

separate and protect a cell from its surrounding environment.

Question 34

The part of the cell which houses the functions for cell expansion, growth, and replication carried out is known as the

Answer 34

cytoplasm.

Question 35

The types of cells that are most affected by exposure to ionizing radiation are those that

Answer 35

reproduce rapidly.

Question 36

Which type of tissue is tightly packed together and serves as an interface tissue?

Answer 36

Epithelial.

Question 37

Which type of tissue is highly cellular and well supplied with blood vessels?

Answer 37

Muscle.

Question 38

Which type of tissue is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities?

Answer 38

Nervous.

Question 39

Considered the innermost layer of the eye, the membrane upon which images are received is known as the

Answer 39

retina.

Question 40

Ultraviolet radiation can create a photochemical reaction in the very outside layer of the eye, killing the cells there. Which best describes a potential effect of overexposure?

Answer 40

Sunburned eyeballs.

Question 41

he Eustachian tube is critical to the functioning of the ear because it

Answer 41

provides a means of equalizing pressure.

Question 42

The organ of Corti is critical to the functioning of the ear because it

Answer 42

serves as a receptor for hearing.

Question 43

Nearly every known variety of germs are prevented from passing through the skin’s surface due to the

Answer 43

overlapping arrangement of epidermal cells.

Question 44

When the skin gets cold, heat is conserved when the body

Answer 44

constricts capillaries to reduce the amount of blood at the skin’s surface.

Question 45

The main function of bones within the human body is to provide

Answer 45

framework that supports and protects the soft organs of the body.

Question 46

The function of the red marrow of the bones is to form

Answer 46

red and white blood cells and blood platelets.

Question 47

The most radiation-sensitive cells in the body are in the bone marrow; as a result, when they are exposed to intense irradiation,

Answer 47

normal replacement of circulating blood cells is impaired.

Question 48

The muscular system is comprised of specialized cells called muscle fibers with the chief function of

Answer 48

contractibility.

Question 49

Smooth muscle

Answer 49

contracts slowly and rhythmically.

Question 50

What two major body systems work together to allow the body to regulate and maintain homeostasis?

Answer 50

Nervous and endocrine.

Question 51

Within the nervous system, highly specialized nerve cells that function by conducting nerve impulses are known as

Answer 51

neurons.

Question 52

What is the main function of the central nervous system?

Answer 52

Serves as the major signal receptor and integration site.

Question 53

While central nervous system stimulants excite acetylcholine production, cholinesterase appropriately neutralizes this effect; however, a nerve agent stimulant that inhibits cholinesterase is known as

Answer 53

organophosphate.

Question 54

What two major body systems work together in the regulation of body activities?

Answer 54

Nervous and endocrine.

Question 55

Which is considered the master gland because of the effect it has on other glands?

Answer 55

Pituitary.

Question 56

The alpha cells in the pancreatic islets secrete the hormone glucagon in response to a

Answer 56

low concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question 57

If the heart is the organ that keeps the blood moving through the vessels, what is the transport medium?

Answer 57

Blood.

Question 58

The primary function of capillaries within the cardiovascular system is to

Answer 58

facilitate the exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells.

Question 59

Because the walls of veins are thinner and less rigid than arteries, veins can

Answer 59

hold more blood.

Question 60

When fluid is prevented from returning to the capillaries and accumulates in the tissue spaces, what is the result?

Answer 60

Edema.

Question 61

What is the primary function of mature lymphocytes within the lymphatic system?

Answer 61

Defense against disease.

Question 62

Which condition best illustrates an exaggerated immune response?

Answer 62

Hypersensitivity.

Question 63

What two systems work together to supply oxygen and remove waste products from the body?

Answer 63

Circulatory and respiratory systems.

Question 64

What body system is considered the major entry mode for toxic substances?

Answer 64

Respiratory.

Question 65

Within the digestive system food is broken down until the molecules are small enough to be absorbed and waste products are

Answer 65

eliminated.

Question 66

One of the functions of the urinary system is to

Answer 66

maintain normal potential of hydrogen (pH) levels within the blood.

Question 67

If toxic substances such as heavy metals or halogenated hydrocarbons are not filtered out of the body and become concentrated, damage can be caused to the

Answer 67

kidneys.

Question 68

What is a possible effect on the reproductive systems of overexposure to ionizing radiation?

Answer 68

Genetic mutations.

Question 69

A material that produces a mutation is known as a mutagen; if the mutation occurs in a germ cell, then the effect

Answer 69

is passed on to the next generation.

Question 70

What term describes the probability a substance will cause harm under specific conditions during use?

Answer 70

Risk.

Question 71

The dose-response relationship illustrates the correlation between the

Answer 71

amount of exposure and the resulting effect.

Question 72

The amount of a chemical dose delivered to an organ is critical in defining its

Answer 72

toxicity.

Question 73

Inhaling high levels of carbon monoxide in a short period of time would be classified as

Answer 73

an acute exposure.

Question 74

If an organism displays more adverse effects to the same dosage of a chemical over time, then the organism has become

Answer 74

sensitized.

Question 75

Toxicity testing on a uniform group of rats results in 40 percent deaths when they receive a 10 milligrams of substance per kilogram (mg/kg) oral dose of a substance. The 10 mg/kg is called the

Answer 75

LD40.

Question 76

If you are assessing a shop where workers are exposed to potentially hazardous vapors, then which hazard would you be most concerned with identifying?

Answer 76

Inhalation.

Question 77

If you are assessing a shop were your main concern is the entry of chemicals through the skin, which hazard are you mainly concerned with identifying?

Answer 77

Absorption.

Question 78

Toxic substances that are ingested are generally less harmful than when exposure occurs through other routes due to the

Answer 78

alkaline medium of pancreatic juices in the small intestines.

Question 79

How does the action of a primary irritant differ from that of a secondary irritant?

Answer 79

Primary irritants exert little or no system toxic action.

Question 80

Which statement best describes the effects of a chemical asphyxiant on the body?

Answer 80

Reduction of the body’s capacity to use oxygen.

Question 81

Which example best describes a chemical that would be classified as a central nervous system depressant?

Answer 81

Ethyl ether.

Question 82

Which example best describes a material capable of producing lung tissue damage?

Answer 82

Asbestos.

Question 83

A chemical with a boiling point near or below 25 degrees Celsius (°C) can be considered a

Answer 83

gas.

Question 84

What is the primary difference between mists and fogs?

Answer 84

Size.

Question 85

Which example best describes how fumes are formed?

Answer 85

Vapor condenses to a tiny solid particle suspended in air.

Question 86

Of the solid aerosols, which group has the greatest variety of materials, sizes, shapes, and toxic effects?

Answer 86

Dusts.

Question 87

What effect does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have on regulating global temperature?

Answer 87

Absorbs infrared heat, preventing temperature increase.

Question 88

Water starts it course through the hydrologic cycle when the Sun shines on moist lands and bodies of water, causing

Answer 88

evaporation.

Question 89

The Earth’s crust is comprised of natural chemicals called minerals, each of which are composed of different elements; within the rocks of the crust, the most abundant element is

Answer 89

oxygen.

Question 90

Which statement best describes an autotrophic organism?

Answer 90

Self-nourishing organisms manufacture their own food entirely.

Question 91

What is the controlling factor for growth and production of living organisms?

Answer 91

Nutritional value of food.

Question 92

Decomposition provides nutrition for plants and modifies the Earth’s surface by

Answer 92

producing nutrient-rich soil.

Question 93

What step in the exposure pathway links the release of a chemical from a source and its contact with a receptor at the exposure point?

Answer 93

Environmental fate and transport.

Question 94

When assessing a site, what transport and fate mechanism addresses the normal migration or movement of a contaminant through a medium?

Answer 94

Advection/Convection.

Question 95

Which best illustrates an example of the fate and transport mechanism attenuation?

Answer 95

Biodegradation.

Question 96

The vapor pressure of a contaminant can essentially determine how

Answer 96

rapidly the contaminant will evaporate into the air.

Question 97

What two factors influence the direction and extent of contaminant transport in groundwater?

Answer 97

Groundwater hydrology and geologic composition.

Question 98

The access of a chemical to the lungs depends foremost on its physical state; for particulates, penetration depends on

Answer 98

Size.

Question 99

Which example best illustrates a short-term effect of air pollution?

Answer 99

Irritation to eyes, nose, and throat.