VTI Niinawind+ (Year 2, Weeks 4-5)

Question 1

if -endam signifies a VAI, what signifies a VTI?

How would you make Minwendam a VTI?

Answer 1

-endan (often you can just change it to create a VTI)

Minwendan.

Question 2

If Nidaabajitoon nizid means “I use my foot,” how would you say “I use my feet”?

Answer 2

Nidaabajitoonan nizidan.

Question 3

If Nidaabajitoomin nizidinaan means “We (not you) use our foot,” how would you say “We (not you) use our feet”?

Answer 3

Nidaabajitoomin nizidinaanin.

no -an after -min because it’s “too strong”

Question 4

If Gidaabajitoonan gizidan means “You use your feet,” how would you say “You use your foot?”

What would the above sentence be for giinawind, or we (all)? (“We all use our feet?)

Answer 4

Gidaabajitoon gizid.

Gidaabajitoomin gizidinaanin, “We (all) use our feet?”

Question 5

If Gidaabajitoonaawaa gizidiwaa means, “Y’all use your foot,” how would you say, “Y’all use your feet”?

Answer 5

Gidaabajitoonaawaan gizidiwaan.

Question 6

Aaniin ekidong

1. S/he uses h/ foot
2. S/he uses h/ feet

Answer 6

1. Odaabajitoon ozid.
2. Odaabajitoonan ozidan.

Question 7

If Odaabajitonaawaa ozid means “They (pl) use their foot,” how woudl you say, “They use their feet”?

Answer 7

Odaabajitoonaawaan ozidiwan.

Question 8

If Odaabajitoonini ozidini means “4p uses their foot,” how would you say “4p uses their feet?”

Answer 8

Trick question, it remains the same in 4p for plural

Question 9

Aaniin ekidong:

1. I’m doing it!
2. I’m doing those things.
3. We (not you) are doing it.
4. We (not you) are doing those things.

What is the VTI “Do it”?

Answer 9

1. Nidoodaan.
2. Nidoodaanan.
3. Nidoodaamin.
4. Nidoodaamin.

Doodan.

Question 10

Aaniin ekidong:

1. You’re doing it.
2. You’re doing those things.
3. We all are doing it.
4. We all are doing those things.
5. Y’all are doing it.
6. Y’all are doing those things.

What is the VTI “Do it”?

Answer 10

1. Gidoodaan.
2. Gidoodaanan.
3. Gidoodaamin.
4. Gidoodaamin.
5. Gidoodaanaawaa.
6. Gidoodaanaawaan.

Doodan.

Question 11

Aaniin ekidong:

1. S/he is doing it.
2. S/he is doing those things.
3. They (pl) are doing it.
4. They (pl) are doing those things.
5. 4p is doing it.
6. 4p is doing those things.

What is the VTI “Do it”?

Answer 11

1. Odoodaan.
2. Odoodaanan.
3. Odoodaanaawaa.
4. Odoodaanaawaan.
5. Odoodaanini.
6. Odoodaanini.

Doodan.

Question 12

Aaniin Ekidong:

1. I’m going to go get it.
2. We (not you) are going to go get it.
3. You’re going to go get it.
4. We all are going to go get it.
5. Y’all are going to go get it.
6. S/he is going to go get it.
7. They (pl) are going to go get it.
8. 4p is going to go get it.

What VTI means “Go get it”?

Answer 12

1. Ninaadin
2. Ninaadimin
3. Ginaadin
4. Ginaadimin
5. Ginaadinaawaa
6. Onaadin
7. Onaadinaawaa
8. Onaadinini

Naadin

Question 13

Aaniin Ekidong:

1. I’m going to go get them (gegoo).
2. We (not you) are going to go get them (gegoo).
3. You’re going to go get them (gegoo).
4. We all are going to go get them (gegoo).
5. Y’all are going to go get them (gegoo).
6. S/he is going to go get them (gegoo).
7. They (pl) are going to go get them (gegoo).
8. 4p is going to go get them (gegoo).

What VTI means “Go get it”?

Answer 13

1. Ninaadinan
2. Ninaadimin
3. Ginaadinan
4. Ginaadimin
5. Ginaadinaawaan
6. Onaadinan
7. Onaadinaawaan
8. Onaadinini

Naadin

Question 14

Aaniin ekidong:

1. I eat it all up.
2. I eat them (gegoo) all up.
3. We (not you) eat it all up.
4. We (not you) eat them (gegoo) all up.

What VTI means “Eat it all up”?

Answer 14

1. Nigidaan.
2. Nigidaanan.
3. Nigidaanaamin.
4. Nigidaanaamin.

Gidaan

Question 15

Aaniin ekidong:

1. You eat it all up.
2. You eat them (gegoo) all up.
3. We all eat it up.
4. We all eat them (gegoo) all up.
5. Y’all eat it up.
6. U’all eat them (gegoo) all up.

What VTI means “Eat it all up”?

Answer 15

1. Gigidaan.
2. Gigidaanan.
3. Gigidaamin.
4. Gigidaamin.
5. Gigidaanaawaa.
6. Gigidaanaawaan.

Gidaan.

Question 16

Aaniin ekidong:

1. S/he eats it all up.
2. S/he eats them (gegoo) all up.
3. They (pl) eat it all up.
4. They (pl) eat them (gegoo) all up.
5. 4p eats it all up.
6. 4p eats them (gegoo) all up.

What VTI emans “Eat it all up”?

Answer 16

1. Ogidaan.
2. Ogidaanan.
3. Ogidaanaawaa.
4. Ogidaanaawaan.
5. Ogidaanini.
6. Ogidaanini.

Gidaan.

Question 17

If Nagamo means “S/he sings,” what do these gegoo nouns mean?

1. nagamowin
2. nagamon

Answer 17

1. music
2. a song

Question 18

What is one root ending can you add to a verb to make it a “final” noun?

Demonstrate using:
1. Ojibwemo. “S/he speaks Ojibwe.”
2. Inwe. “S/he speaks a certain language.”

Answer 18

-win

1. Ojibwemowin. “Ojibwe language.”
2. Inwewin. “Language.”

Question 19

If Manoominike is the VAI “S/he goes ricing,” what ending root would you add to say the noun “ricing”?

Answer 19

-win

Manoominikewin

Question 20

If Apabi is the VAI “S/he sits on something,” what is the inanimate noun “chair”?

Answer 20

apabiwin

Question 21

What is another ending root can you add to a verb to make it a “final” noun?

Demonstrate using Baashkizige, “S/he shoots a gun.” How would you say “gun”?

Answer 21

-an

baashkizigan

Question 22

Translate

Nibizindaamin nagamonan.

What “person” is this in? Is it singular or plural?

Answer 22

We are listening to the songs.

Niinawind, plural

Question 23

Translate

1. omaa
2. imaa
3. iwidi

Answer 23

1. here
2. there
3. over there

Question 24

Translate

1. onow
2. iniw
3. iniwedin

Answer 24

1. these ones
2. those ones
3. those ones over there

Question 25

If you add "iniw" to the sentence below, how does the meaning change? Nibizindaamin (iniw) nagamonan. ## Footnote What about onow?

Answer 25

We are listening to THE songs becomes we are listening to THOSE songs. ## Footnote THESE songs

Question 26

# Translate 1. Giminotaanaawaa ina o'ow nagamon? 2. Giminotaanaawaa ina nagamon? ## Footnote What "person" is this in? Is it singular or plural?

Answer 26

Do y'all like this song? Do y'all like a song? ## Footnote Giinawaa, singular

Question 27

# Translate 1. o'ow nagamon 2. i'iw nagamon 2. iwedinagamon

Answer 27

1. this song 2. that song 3. that song over there

Question 28

What construction allows you to turn a VAI (no object) into a VTI (has object)? Can you do it using Minikwe, "S/he drinks"? How would you say "S/he drinks it?" ## Footnote How about for Adaawe "S/he buys"?

Answer 28

Add -n Minikwe. = VAI Minikwen. = VTI ## Footnote Adaawen

Question 29

# Translate Giimooji

Answer 29

Secretly (adv)

Question 30

# translate bichi

Answer 30

accidentally (adv)

Question 31

# translate If you add "babaa" as a prefix, how does the definition of your verb change?

Answer 31

"Go around and do [blank]"

Question 32

What are the endings for VTI verbs in bkeyaa? ## Footnote In wiin, if a verb ends in -an, what happens when you add the 'd' ending?

Answer 32

(y)aan (y)aang (y)an (y)ang (y)eg d waad nid ## Footnote n + d = ng

Question 33

What is Asigisidoon "Put it together" in bkeyaa for niinawind? ## Footnote What happens to the 'n'?

Answer 33

asigisidooyaang ## Footnote it drops when there's an -oon ending

Question 34

What is Asigisidoon "Put it together" in bkeyaa for giinawind? giinawaa? ## Footnote What happens to the 'n'?

Answer 34

asigisidooyang asigisidooyeg ## Footnote it drops when there's an -oon ending

Question 35

What is Asigisidoon "Put it together" in bkeyaa for wiin? for wiinawaa? ## Footnote What happens to the 'n'?

Answer 35

asigisidood 'when s/he puts it together' asigisidoowaad 'when they put it together' ## Footnote it drops when there's an -oon ending

Question 36

What is Asigisidoon "Put it together" in bkeyaa for 4th person?

Answer 36

asigisidoonid

Question 37

For VTIs, how do bkeyaa endings differ if the verb ends in -oon or -in vs. -an or -aan? ## Footnote What is the exception to this rule for "wiin"?

Answer 37

If it ends in -oon or -in, you drop the final 'n' and add y before your ending (asigisidooyaang). If it ends in -an or -aan however, you turn the final 'n' into an m before adding the ending (ozaawibii'amaang). ## Footnote For wiin, you always add 'd'. However, -an + d = -ang

Question 38

# Aaniin ekidong when I go get a pencil when we (not you) go get a pencil Naadin = Get it ozhibii'iganaak = pencil ## Footnote What preverb signifies "go and"?

Answer 38

o-naadiyaan ozhibii'iganaak o-naadiyaang ozhibii'iganaak ## Footnote 'o'

Question 39

# Aaniin ekidong when you (singular) go get a pencil when we (plus you) go get a pencil when you all go get a pencil Naadin = Get it ozhibii'iganaak = pencil ## Footnote What happens to the final 'n' in naadin when the verb is bkeyaa? How would this be different if the verb ended in "an" instead of "in"?

Answer 39

o-naadiyan ozhibii'iganaak o-naadiyang ozhibii'iganaak o-naadiyeg ozhibii'iganaak ## Footnote it drops; if it ended in -an or -aan, it would become an 'm' instead

Question 40

# Aaniin ekidong when s/he goes and gets a pencil when they (pl) go and get a pencil when 4p goes and gets a pencil

Answer 40

o-naadid ozhibii'iganaak o-naadiwaad ozhibii'iganaak o-naadinid ozhibii'iganaak

Question 41

# translate naadiwaad

Answer 41

when they (pl) get it

Question 42

# translate naadiyeg

Answer 42

when y'all get it

Question 43

# translate onaagoshi-miijin naawakwe-miijin gigizhebaa-miijin

Answer 43

Eat it for dinner Eat it for lunch Eat it for breakfast

Question 44

# Aaniin ekidong when we (not you) eat it for dinner when we (including you) eat it for dinner

Answer 44

onaagoshi-miijiyaang onaagoshi-miijiyang

Question 45

# Aaniin ekidong when you (pl) eat it for lunch when they (pl) eat it for lunch

Answer 45

naawakwe-miijiyeg naawakwe-miijiwaad

Question 46

# Aaniin ekidong I hope that they (4th person) eat it for breakfast. ## Footnote What is the 4p bkeyaa ending for VTIs?

Answer 46

Ambegish gigizheeba-miijinid. ## Footnote -nid

Question 47

What is the formula for turning VTIs into bkeyaa? If it ends in: -oon? -in? -m? -an? -aan?

Answer 47

oon or in = drop n, add y + ending m = drop m, add y + ending an or aan = n becomes m + ending (except for wiin)

Question 48

# translate ozaawiibii'amaan iw aasamisag... ## Footnote how would it differ if the verb ended in n?

Answer 48

when I paint that wall yellow ## Footnote the n would drop and the ending would be -yaan instead of -aan

Question 49

1. What keyaa is this? 2. What person is the phrase below in? How do you know? 3. How would you make it niinawind? giinawind? ozaawiibii'amaan iw aasamisag... "when I paint that wall yellow"

Answer 49

1. bkeyaa 2. It's in niin because of the -aan ending 3. -aang; -ang

Question 50

How would you make the following say "when y'all paint that wall yellow"? ozaawiibii'amaan iw aasamisag... ## Footnote How would it differ if the verb ended in -an instead of -am?

Answer 50

ozaawiibii'ameg iw aasamisag... ## Footnote With -an, the 'n' drops and a y is added before 'eg'

Question 51

How would you make the following say 1. "when s/he paints that wall yellow"? 2. What about "when they (pl) paint that wall yellow? 3. When 4p paints that wall yellow? ozaawiibii'amaan iw aasamisag... ## Footnote What sound changes have occurred?

Answer 51

1. ozaawiibii'ang iw aasamisag... 2. ozaawiibii'amowaad iw aasamisag... 3. ozaawiibii'aminid iw aasamisag... ## Footnote 1. m + d = ng 2. m + w requires an 'o' inbetween 3. m + n requires an 'i' inbetween

Question 52

# Translate Ishkwaa- Giizhi- ## Footnote When are these used in ckeyaa past tense?

Answer 52

stop finish ## Footnote When the verb doesn't have a natural endpoing, aka "you can do it all day" Eg. Wiisini, to say "when I stopped eating"

Question 53

Which of the following verbs would require the preverb "ishkwaa" or "giizhi" when turning them into past tense ckeyaa? Why? 1. Dagoshin 2. Wiisini 3. Anokii 4. Waabam

Answer 53

Wiisini and Anokii, because they do not have a natural endpoind In other words, to say "when you ate" you need to add a preverb that signals you did it in the past and stopped; But a verb like "dagoshin" has a natural endpoing, so you don't need a preverb to say "when you arrived"

Question 54

# translate the following c-keyaa phrases 1. ekidoyaan 2. ge-ikidoyaan 3. gaa-ikidoyaan 4. waa-ikidoyaan ## Footnote What has changed for each of these? What remains the same?

Answer 54

1. what I'm saying 2. what I will say (da-) 3. what I said (gii-) 4. what I want to say/am going to say (wii-) ## Footnote The tense changes but the VTA ikido (S/he says) remains the same

Question 55

# Translate degoshinaan gaa-tagoshinaan ## Footnote why is this kind of a trick question?

Answer 55

both mean "once I got there" ## Footnote because "dagoshin" has a natural endpoint, so ckeyaa already sounds like the past, meaning you don't really need the 'gii' preverb unless you're really emphasizing it was in the past

Question 56

# Translate (aabajitoon = use it) 1. eshkwaa-aabajitooyaan (vs) gaa-ishkwaa-aabajitooyaan 2. gaazhi-aabajitooyaan (vs) gaa-kiizhi-aabajitooyaan ## Footnote What preverbs are added in each one? What is added in the second version?

Answer 56

1. after I stopped using it (for both) 2. after I finished using it (for both) ## Footnote 1. ishkwaa (stopped) 2. giizhi (finished) In the second version of each "gii-" is added, but the preverbs already do that work

Question 57

What story connecting pattern means "and then"?

Answer 57

izhi + ckeyaa

Question 58

# Translate gaa-izhi-ginjiba'iweyaan (ginjiba'iwe = run away) ## Footnote What signifies "and then" in the story connecting pattern?

Answer 58

and then I ran away ## Footnote izhi + ckeyaa

Question 59

In the following sentence, what would you add to say "After I saw her, then I ran away"? Gaa-waabamag, [blank]-[blank]=ginjiba'iweyaan. ## Footnote Why did you add these?

Answer 59

gaa-izhi- ## Footnote Because adding 'izhi' and turning it into ckeyaa means "and then" in past tense

Question 60

Izhi + ckeyaa = and then Mii + ckeyaa = then How do these phrases feel different?

Answer 60

Mii + ckeyaa also feels like "that's how" and you use it to start a sentence, whereas izhi + ckeyaa strings events together, "and then..."

Question 61

How do these two differ in meaning? 1. gaa-izhi-[verb]yaan 2. Mii gaa-izhi-[verb]yaan ## Footnote What tense are they each in?

Answer 61

1. and then I... 2. that's how I... ## Footnote Both are past

Question 62

# Translate izhi onji ako dazhi daso apiichi ## Footnote What do they all have in common?

Answer 62

the way how the reason why the length of time the place the amount/how much the extent/degree ## Footnote They are all relative roots

Question 63

What relative root signifies each? 1. the way how 2. the reason why 3. the length of time/duration 4. the place 5. the amount/how much 6. the extent/degree ## Footnote If these are added to a verb, what keyaa is used?

Answer 63

1. izhi 2. onji 3. ako 4. dazhi 5. daso 6. apiichi ## Footnote ckeyaa

Question 64

# translate 1. ezhi-wiisiniyaan 2. wenji-wiisiniyaan 3. gaa-ako-wiisiniyaan 4. endazhi-wiisiniyaan 5. endaso-wiisiniyaan 6. epiichi-wiisiniyaan

Answer 64

1. the way I'm eating 2. the reason why I'm eating 3. ever since I ate 4. the place where I eat 5. every time I eat 6. how much I am eating

Question 65

# Translate Eko-bimaadiziyaan ni-bi-nagam. ## Footnote What relative root is present? How does it change the meaning?

Answer 65

Since I've been alive, I've been singing. ## Footnote Ako, talks about a length of time

Question 66

# Translate Ishwaasimidana epiichi-aabawaag. ## Footnote What relative root is present? How does it change the meaning?

Answer 66

It's 80 degrees out. (Lit: 80 is the extent to which it is warm) ## Footnote Apiichi, talks about the extend or degree of temperature

Question 67

# Translate Mii epiichi-zaagi'inaan. ## Footnote What relative root is present? How does it change the meaning?

Answer 67

That's how much I love you. ## Footnote Apiichi, talks about the extent of their love

Question 68

# Translate Mii gaa-izhizhiyaang. ## Footnote What relative root is present? How does it change the meaning?

Answer 68

That's how we did it. or That's what we did. ## Footnote izhi, talks about the way something is done

Question 69

# Translate Mii gaa-onji-ginjiba'iweyaan. ## Footnote What relative root is present? How does it change the meaning?

Answer 69

That's why I ran away. ## Footnote onji, indicates the reason why something happens

Question 70

# Translate How do these two sentences differ? (Hint: gashkigwaadam = Sew it) 1. Mii gaa-izhi-gashkigwaadamaan. 2. Mii waa-izhi-gashkigwaadamaan. ## Footnote What relative root is present in each? What does it indicate?

Answer 70

1. That's how I sewed it. 2. That's how I'm going to sew it. The first is past tense and the second it open future ## Footnote izhi, signifies the way something is done

Question 71

What 2 relative roots have irregular formations when they become ckeyaa? Can you demonstrate? ## Footnote What do each indicate

Answer 71

daso becomes endaso dazhi becomes endazhi ## Footnote daso indicates the number or amount of something dazhi indicates the place where something happens