W11 Nervous System

Question 1

whats the CNS made up of

Answer 1

brain
spinal cord

Question 2

whats the PNS for

Answer 2

connection between CNS and body

Question 3

which nervous system controls voluntary movement

Answer 3

somatic

Question 4

which nervous system controls involuntary movement

Answer 4

autonomic

Question 5

what is the structure of a nerve cell

Answer 5

• cell body -> nuclei surrounded by cytoplasm
• dendrites
• axon

Question 6

where are cell bodies of all neurones located

Answer 6

CNS

Question 7

where do primary sensory neurones and terminal effector neurones lie

Answer 7

in ganglia of peripheral sites

Question 8

what are the 3 types of neurones

Answer 8

bipolar
multipolar
pseudo-unipolar

Question 9

what cells are bipolar neurons controlling

Answer 9

retinal cells
olfactory epithelium cells

Question 10

where are multipolar neurones found

Answer 10

spinal cord motor
purkinje cells

Question 11

where are pseudo-unipolar neurones found

Answer 11

dorsal root
ganglion

Question 12

what is the structure of bipolar neuron

Answer 12

2 processes so has both 1 dendrite and an axon

Question 13

what is the structure of multipolar neuron

Answer 13

multiple processes so 1 axon and many dendrites

Question 14

what is the structure of psuedo-unipolar neuron

Answer 14

2 axons no dendrites

Question 15

where do psuedo-unipolar neuron extend to and from

Answer 15

spinal cord to skin/muscle cells

Question 16

what does Nissl substance do

Answer 16

make structural proteins for neurones

Question 17

how do histologically identify a neurone

Answer 17

large, dense nucleolus, round nuclei

Question 18

what does Nissl substance contain

Answer 18

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 19

where does axon generation of stimuli stop

Answer 19

at the terminal bouton

Question 20

how long are synaptic clefts

Answer 20

20-30 nm

Question 21

is the terminal bouton myelinated or not

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what is the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

Answer 22

synapse of axon terminal of a motor neurone w motor end plate

Question 23

what s a motor end plate

Answer 23

highly excitable region of muscle plasma membrane

Question 24

what is the myelin sheath made of in PNS

Answer 24

Schwann cells

Question 25

what is the myelin sheath made by in CNS

Answer 25

oligodendrocytes

Question 26

which neurones of the CNS are myleniated

Answer 26

those passing through white matter

Question 27

what are the supporting cells of CNS

Answer 27

astrocytes

Question 28

what are astrocytes

Answer 28

highly branched cells for mechanical support mediate nutrients exchange

Question 29

which colour of matter are more glial cells found

Answer 29

grey matter

Question 30

where do astrocytic processes end

Answer 30

perivascular feet to form blood-brain barrier

Question 31

where are perineural satellites found

Answer 31

in oligodendrocytes

Question 32

what are microglia

Answer 32

macrophages

Question 33

what are the 2 shapes for Ependymal epithelial cells

Answer 33

cuboidal columnar

Question 34

what features allow ependymal cells to do their jobs

Answer 34

absorptive and secretory

Question 35

where ependymal cells found

Answer 35

choroid plexus

Question 36

what does choroid plexus do

Answer 36

produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 37

where do choroid plexus originate from

Answer 37

the 4 ventricles of the brain

Question 38

what are the clefts of the brain called

Answer 38

sulci

Question 39

what are outer folds of the brain called

Answer 39

gyri

Question 40

where do outer part of the brain neurones arrange

Answer 40

cortex

Question 41

where do discrete foucs of the brain neurones arrange

Answer 41

nucleus

Question 42

where do neuronal cells run along the spinal cord

Answer 42

column

Question 43

where do axons running in white matter arrange

Answer 43

tracts

Question 44

what are the 5 neurones types of cerebral cortex

Answer 44

pyramidal cells stellate cells cells of Martinotti fusiform cells horizontal cells of Cajal

Question 45

what are the most common neurone types in cortex

Answer 45

pyramidal and stellate

Question 46

what are the 5 layers of cerebral cortex

Answer 46

plexiform outer granular layer pyramidal layer inner granular layer ganglionic layer multiform layer

Question 47

what is found at the plexiform layer

Answer 47

dendrites and axons horizontal cells of Cajal

Question 48

what is found at the outer granular layer

Answer 48

stellate cells pyr cells

Question 49

what is found at the pyramidal layer

Answer 49

Martinotti cells

Question 50

what is found at the inner granular layer

Answer 50

stellate cells

Question 51

what is found at the ganglionic layer

Answer 51

Martinotti cells

Question 52

what is found at the mutliform layer

Answer 52

all cells types

Question 53

what are the deep folds of the cerebellum

Answer 53

folia

Question 54

what does the cerebellum do

Answer 54

co-ordinates muscles and posture

Question 55

what do the white matter of cerebellum contain

Answer 55

4 pairs of nuclei

Question 56

what does the Cortex layer of cerebellum

Answer 56

Molecular Layer Granular layer Purkinje cells

Question 57

where are Golgi cells found in cerebellar cortex

Answer 57

granular layer

Question 58

what is the grey matter of spinal cord made of

Answer 58

Ventral horn –cell bodies of motor neurones Dorsal horn –cell bodies of smaller sensory neurones

Question 59

what is the white matter of spinal cord made of

Answer 59

ascending tracts of sensory neurones descending motor neurones

Question 60

what do meninges do

Answer 60

protect the CNS

Question 61

what are the 3 layers of the meninges

Answer 61

dura mater pia mater arachnoid mater

Question 62

which layer of meninges closest to cortex

Answer 62

pia mater

Question 63

what does the arachnoid mater do

Answer 63

connects the dura mater and pia mater layer together