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Tissue Biology > W8 Circulatory System > Flashcards

W8 Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the larynx located

A

below the pharynx

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2
Q

what is the respiratory system protected by

A

chest wall and sternum

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3
Q

how does air enter the lungs

A

due to -ve pressure

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4
Q

what does the elaticity of lung tissue allow

A

recoil

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5
Q

whats the pathway of the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles

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6
Q

what is the Pulmonary vasculature

A

system responsible for delivery of oxygenated and de oxygenated

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7
Q

what are the 3 transitional airways

A

alverolar ducts
alverolar sacs
respiratory bronchioles

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8
Q

where is the diaphragm located

A

inbetween left and right lobe of lungs

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9
Q

what is the conducting/cleaning system made of

A

upper respiratory tract

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10
Q

what is the upper respiratory tract lined with

A

2 cell types:
- mucus secreting
- ciliatred

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11
Q

what does it mean to be very vascular in lungs

A

warm up inhaled air

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12
Q

what do mucus secreting and ciliated epitheluim create

A

mucocilary escalator

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13
Q

how is the respiratory epithelium described as

A

pseudostratified columnar cilated

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14
Q

what is found at the underlying lamina propria of respiratory muscosa

A

blood vessels
serous/musous glands

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15
Q

what is the hasopharynx epithelium lined as

A

pseudostratified ciliated

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16
Q

what is the lamina propria rich in

A

lymphoid tissue

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17
Q

what is the waldeye ring

A

protects lymphoid tissue of GI and respiratory tract

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18
Q

what does bulged lumen get called

A

adenoids

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19
Q

where does the respiratory epithelium line

A

posterior surface of epiglottis
most of larynx

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20
Q

what is the upper fold protrude

A

false vocal cord

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21
Q

what is the false vocal cord epithelium and gland

A

respiratory
mucous

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22
Q

what is the lower fold protrude

A

true vocal cord

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23
Q

what is the true vocal cord epithelium and muscle

A

stratified squamous
vocalis muscle

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24
Q

what is between the true and false cords

A

Ventricle

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25
what surrounds the trachea
cartilage ring trachealis + longitudinal muscle
26
where does the trachea divide at
carina
27
what are the layers of bronchus
respiratory epithelium lamina propria submucosa cartilage
28
what are the layers of trachea
respiratory epithelium lamina propria submucosa firbroelastic tissue
29
what makes the tertiary bronchus diff
tall columnar less pseudostratified mucosa less goblet cells
30
what is the cartilage ring replaced with in tertiary bronchus
irregular plats
31
what is found in aggregates of lymphocytes (L)
MALT mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
32
what are histologically the 2 parts of the bronchiole
muscle (M) artery (ART)
33
what do neuroendocirne cells do in bronchiole
secrete serotonin and bombesin
34
what does Terminal Respiratory Tree lack
mucous glands ciliated cuboidal epithelium
35
what are non-ciliated cels called
CLUB cells
36
what do CLUB cells do
produce surfactant act as stem cells
37
where is the site of highly vascular gas exchange
alveoli
38
what are the 2 types of pneumocytes
type 1 and type 2
39
what the diff between type 1 and 2 pneumocytes
- type 1 more flattened squamous vs type 2 round - type 2 only covers 5% of alveolar surface - type 2 can still divide into type 1
40
what does the elastic van gieson stain do
stains elastin black alveolar macrophages are dark yellow
41
what is the pulmonary vascular system
deoxygenated blood via right side of the heart RV to R/L PA
42
what is the Bronchial vascular system
via bronchial arterial tree oxygenated blood from aorta to VC
43
what is the surface of lungs covered by
visceral pleura
44
what is the surface of thoracic cavity covered by
parietal pleura
45
what is found on the outside of visceral pleura
flattened mesothelium
46
what does pulmonary surfactant do
reduce alveolar surface tension
47
What mechanism cleanses air within the respiratory tract
mucociliary clearance
48
what is the Blood Circulatory System
made of vessels for continous pump of the heart
49
what are the main sites of interchange between the tissues and the blood
peripheral microcirculation
50
what is the 3 layers of blod circulatory system
tunica intima tunica media tunica adventitia
51
what epithial does tunica intima have
flattened
52
what does tunica media have
muscular tissue elastic fibres
53
what does tunica adventitia have
connective tissue and collagen fibres
54
what are the 3 layers of the heart
endocardium myocardium epicardium
55
what is the endocardium made of
flattened endothelial cells
56
what is the myocardium made of
connective tissue and cappillaries cardiac muscles
57
what is the epicardium made of
adipose tissue fibroelastic tissue
58
which is innermost layer of the heart
endocardium
59
which is outermost layer of the heart
epicardium
60
which is the thicket layer of heart
myocardium
61
what are cardiomyoctes
long clydindrical muscle cells
62
what is the morphology of myocytes
cental nuceli and branched fibres in crosses
63
whats the function of myocytes
- contraction to pump blood out of ventricle - relaxtion for blood into atrium
64
where are the purkinje fibres found
below endocardium dervied from bundle of His
65
what are purkinje fibres
impuslse conducting fibres
66
what does the The Arterial System do
distribute blood from heart to capillary beds
67
what is a contraction of the heart called
a systole
68
what is a expansion of the heart called
diastole
69
how does the endothelium of arterial system appear histologically
wavy due to smooth muscle
70
what are the 3 layers of arterial system classed as
elastin
71
what happens when elastin levels decrease
more smooth muscle
72
what are the Elastic arteries
aorta carotid
73
what are the muscular arteries
distributing branches
74
what are the arterioles
terminal branches of capillary bed
75
what is the The Microcirculation
exchange of gas in capillaries controlled by arteriles and sphincters
76
whats the lumen of capillaries
5 um
77
what type of endothelial do capillaries have
single layer flattened
78
what cytes are found at capillaries
pericytes
79
what are the 3 types of capillary
continous fenestrated sinusoid
80
what are continous capillary
continous tube of endothelial found in lungs and brain
81
what are fenestrated capillary
plasma membrane with pores found in kidneys and small intest
82
what are sinusoid capillary
incomplete basement membranes that have huge leaks found in liver and bone marrow
83
what regualted bloodflow at metarteriole
precapillary sphincters
84
what does the venous system do
carrying blood from the capillary networks to the right atrium
85
what are the 3 layers of venous system
post capilalry venules muscular venules collecting venules
86
what is the post capilalry venules (PCV)
lots of capillaries with endothelium and pericytes
87
what does the tunica media of venous systenm have
1/2 layers of smooth muscle fibres

Tissue Biology (11 decks)

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