W12 Embryology

Question 1

what does the development of the heart begin from

Answer 1

arterial trunks

Question 2

where do the venous channels drain into

Answer 2

the atrium

Question 3

which part of the heart begins to develop and increase in size

Answer 3

ventricle

Question 4

what does expansion of ventricular region down the midline do

Answer 4

covers great veins and atrium

Question 5

what does circulation projections laterally help to form

Answer 5

right atrium and left atrium

Question 6

what does the right ventricle join with

Answer 6

truncus arteriosus

Question 7

what separates the atrium from the ventricle

Answer 7

the atrioventricular groove

Question 8

how is the space between the atrium and the ventricle sealed

Answer 8

endocardial cushions grow and fuse to make a column

Question 9

what forms at the interatrial septum

Answer 9

foramen ovale

Question 10

why does the foramen premin close

Answer 10

to allow blood shunting

Question 11

which arteries are formed form the bifurcation of the truncus arteriosus

Answer 11

aorta
pulmonary artery

Question 12

what is the cleavage phase of the zygote

Answer 12

rapid cell division

Question 13

how many cells makes a morula

Answer 13

32 cells

Question 14

what happens during blastulation

Answer 14

cells form a hollow ball

Question 15

what are 2 layers that develop in the hollow ball

Answer 15

trophoblast (outer layer)
inner cell mass

Question 16

what the rest of the cavity filled with

Answer 16

blastocoel

Question 17

what is the inner cell mass also known as

Answer 17

embryoblast

Question 18

what does the inner cell mass go onto do

Answer 18

differentiate into parts of the embryo

Question 19

when does the hollow ball become a blastocyst

Answer 19

when zona pellucida dissappears

Question 20

whats the outer layer of the blastocyst called

Answer 20

trophoblast

Question 21

how are the cells of the inner cell mass described as

Answer 21

pluripotent

Question 22

what are the 2 layers of the bilaminar disc

Answer 22

epiblast
hypoblast

Question 23

which layer of bilaminar disc faces the blastoceol

Answer 23

hypoblast

Question 24

which layer of bilaminar disc faces the trophoblast

Answer 24

epiblast

Question 25

what does the expansion of the blastocoel form on the hypoblast side

Answer 25

primitive yolk sac

Question 26

what does the expansion of the blastocoel form on the epiblast side

Answer 26

amniotic cavity

Question 27

what happens during gastrulation

Answer 27

formation of the 3 germ layer

Question 28

what is the cell mass called after gastrulation

Answer 28

gastrula

Question 29

which week does gastrulation occur

Answer 29

week 3

Question 30

what are the 3 germ layers

Answer 30

ectoderm mesoderm endoderm

Question 31

what does the ectoderm form

Answer 31

skin + hair brain spinal cord PNS

Question 32

what does the mesoderm form

Answer 32

muscle bone notochord kidney circulatory system

Question 33

what does the endoderm form

Answer 33

stomach liver bladder pancreas lungs

Question 34

what is the primitive streak

Answer 34

determiner of the midline of the body for left and right side division

Question 35

which layer is closest to hypoblast

Answer 35

endoderm

Question 36

which layer borders the amniotic cavity

Answer 36

ectoderm

Question 37

what does the notochord form

Answer 37

neural plate

Question 38

what happens during neurulation

Answer 38

formation of the neural tube and crest

Question 39

what is the process forms the neural tube

Answer 39

neural plate

Question 40

which germ layer forms the neural plate

Answer 40

ectoderm

Question 41

how long does Organogenesis last

Answer 41

8 weeks

Question 42

which part of the mesoderm forms muscle none and cartilage

Answer 42

paraxial mesoderm

Question 43

which germ layer forms the digestive tract

Answer 43

endoderm

Question 44

what are the 2 layers trophoblast forms

Answer 44

syncytiotrophoblast cytotrophoblast

Question 45

what does syncytiotrophoblast do

Answer 45

forms part of placenta to increase surface area

Question 46

what do syncytiotrophoblast secrete

Answer 46

human chorionic gonadotropin progesterone

Question 47

what does human chorionic gonadotropin do

Answer 47

stops breakdown of corpus luteum

Question 48

what do cytotrophoblasts do

Answer 48

anchor embryonic chorion to maternal endometrium

Question 49

what forms the bilaminar germ disc

Answer 49

embryoblast

Question 50

where are all 3 germ layers derived from

Answer 50

epiblast

Question 51

where do cells of epiblast migrate to

Answer 51

primitive streak

Question 52

what does the prechordal plate mesoderm form

Answer 52

the forebrain

Question 53

which 2 parts of the bilaminar plate don't develop into a germ layer

Answer 53

oral cavity anus

Question 54

how long does gastrulation last for

Answer 54

2 weeks

Question 55

which part of the primitive streak forms the brain

Answer 55

primitive node

Question 56

what are somites

Answer 56

part of neural tube which are precursors for the skeleton

Question 57

what 2 layers does the Lateral mesoderm split into

Answer 57

- Outer somatic mesoderm - Inner splanchnic mesoderm

Question 58

how is the gut tube formed

Answer 58

rolling in of endoderm

Question 59

what 2 things does the heart formation start from

Answer 59

blood islands myoblasts

Question 60

where does the 2 endocardial heart tubes arise form

Answer 60

from cardiogenic mesoderm

Question 61

what does the heart tube develop into

Answer 61

endocardium

Question 62

what do the blood islands form

Answer 62

endothelial lined heart tube which are surrounded by muscle cells

Question 63

what does the septum transversum form

Answer 63

diapghragm

Question 64

what happens during week 4 of heart formation

Answer 64

starts to fold on itself (looping)

Question 65

what are sclerotomes

Answer 65

bone forming cells

Question 66

what forms the dermis of skin

Answer 66

dermatome

Question 67

what do muscles of dorsomedial somite and dermatome form

Answer 67

DERMOMYOTOME

Question 68

when does limp development start

Answer 68

week 4

Question 69

what are embryonic limbs made of

Answer 69

mesoderm core covered by ectoderm

Question 70

what are limbs bones formed from

Answer 70

endochondral ossification

Question 71

which part of the mesoderm forms the vertbrae

Answer 71

paraxial

Question 72

what are the 4 parts of the gut tube

Answer 72

pharynx foregut midgut hindgut

Question 73

what does the endoderm form for the gut tube

Answer 73

mucosa

Question 74

what does the Splanchnic mesoderm form for the gut tube

Answer 74

muscle and CT

Question 75

what does the endoderm form lung development

Answer 75

parenchyma

Question 76

what does the mesoderm form for the lungs

Answer 76

stroma

Question 77

how many bronchi on either side of the body

Answer 77

right = 3 left = 2

Question 78

where does the liver bud develop from

Answer 78

caudal end of foregut

Question 79

where does the pancreas develop from

Answer 79

distal end of foregut

Question 80

what does the gallbladder develop from

Answer 80

liver bud

Question 81

how does the ventral and dorsal pancreas fuse

Answer 81

gut rotation

Question 82

what does the stomach develop from

Answer 82

foregut

Question 83

which germ layer forms mesentery of the gut

Answer 83

mesoderm

Question 84

where does urinary and genital systems develop from

Answer 84

mesoderm along abdominal wall

Question 85

what gives rise to the kidney

Answer 85

metanephros

Question 86

what does the collecting system develop from

Answer 86

uretericbud

Question 87

what do nephrons develop from

Answer 87

metanephricblastema

Question 88

what aids the formation of nephrons

Answer 88

tubules and mesoderm layer

Question 89

where does the metanephric mesoderm lie

Answer 89

in pelvis

Question 90

where does the bladder derive from

Answer 90

cloaca