W10 Muscles

Question 1

what are the 3 contractile cells

Answer 1

myoepithelial cells
pericytes
myofibroblasts

Question 2

which 2 muscles are striated muscles

Answer 2

skeletal
cardiac

Question 3

which muscle is unstriated

Answer 3

smooth

Question 4

which muscle type is voluntary

Answer 4

skeletal

Question 5

which 2 muscle types are involuntary

Answer 5

cardiac and smooth

Question 6

which muscle does skeletal control

Answer 6

tongue

Question 7

what allows for contractile muscles to work

Answer 7

contractile proteins

Question 8

whats the structure of skeletal muscles

Answer 8

elongated multinucleate contractile cells

Question 9

what are skeletal muscle fibres cells grouped in

Answer 9

fasciculi

Question 10

what are fascicles surrounded by

Answer 10

perimysium

Question 11

what are skeletal muscles surrounded by

Answer 11

epimysium

Question 12

what are the dark/light lines on skeletal muscles

Answer 12

dark = a bands
light = I bands

Question 13

what are smooth muscles normally found in

Answer 13

uterus
blood vessel
bladder

Question 14

how to identify histologically smooth muscles

Answer 14

central nuclei with elongated fibres bound together

Question 15

what happens to contractile proteins when smooth muscles contract

Answer 15

move away from cell membrane

Question 16

where are cardiac muscles found

Answer 16

myocardium

Question 17

why are skeletal and cardiac similar muscle groups

Answer 17

strong contractions

Question 18

why are smooth and cardiac similar muscle groups

Answer 18

continuous contraction

Question 19

what are both smooth + cardiac muscles controlled by

Answer 19

nerves and hormones

Question 20

how to identify histologically cardiac muscles

Answer 20

horizontal irregular shaped fibres with central elongated nuclei

Question 21

what is the contraction of myocardium controlled by

Answer 21

purkinje system

Question 22

what are the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 22

Hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic

Question 23

what do chondroblasts do

Answer 23

secrete Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Question 24

what do cartilage do

Answer 24

smooth surface for joint movement
open airways
form new bones

Question 25

where is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 25

nasal septum larynx tracheal rings

Question 26

where is fibrocartilage cartilage found

Answer 26

ligaments intervertebral discs

Question 27

where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 27

external ear

Question 28

what is the primary tissue of the bone

Answer 28

osseous tissue

Question 29

what is bone material made of

Answer 29

calcium hydroxyapatite

Question 30

what do Haversian Canals do

Answer 30

contain blood vessels in the bone

Question 31

what are central canals surrounded by

Answer 31

concentric lamellae

Question 32

what is osteroid

Answer 32

type 1 collagen (like ECM)

Question 33

what do osteoblasts do

Answer 33

synthesise osteoid

Question 34

what are Osteocytes

Answer 34

inactive osteroblasts

Question 35

what are Osteoclasts and their job

Answer 35

phagocytic cells for bone turnover

Question 36

histologically where are osteoblasts found

Answer 36

in the membrane of bone

Question 37

histologically what do osteoclasts look like

Answer 37

big red blobs

Question 38

what is Howship’s lacuna and what does it do

Answer 38

causes resorption where osteoclasts are found

Question 39

which type of bone is mechanically strong/weak

Answer 39

woven = weak lamellar = strong

Question 40

what the characteristics of woven bone

Answer 40

- disorganised collagen fibres - immature -> produced fast

Question 41

what the characteristics of lamellar bone

Answer 41

- parallel bands of collagen fibres

Question 42

what's the inner and outer sections of the bone

Answer 42

cortical bone = outer cancellous medullary = inner

Question 43

what is the outer surface of bones covered by

Answer 43

periosteum

Question 44

how to identify Trabecular Bone

Answer 44

lots of marrow space and endosteum

Question 45

what are the 2 joint forms

Answer 45

synovial and non-synovial

Question 46

what are synovial joints for

Answer 46

extensive movement coat articular surfaces with fluid

Question 47

what are non-synovial joints for

Answer 47

no articulating surfaces sutures of skull bones

Question 48

what do tendons do

Answer 48

attaches skeletal muscles to bone store energy sometimes

Question 49

what do ligaments do

Answer 49

connect bones to bones at joints

Question 50

what are ligaments formed from

Answer 50

dense connective tissue

Question 51

how to histologically identify ligament tissue

Answer 51

parallel nuclei