W2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stem cells

A

Totipotent - can produce all types of cells
Pluripotent - can produce all embrionic cell types (embryo cells)
Mutipotent - can produce closely related cell types
unipotent - can only produce one cell type, but can self-renew
Determined - Can differentiate into further cell types.

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2
Q

SAM produces…

A

Top SAM produces Phytomeres. each phytomere has internode, leaf and auxiliary bud.

Auxiliary buds are also SAMs

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3
Q

SAM is regulated by which genes?

A

STM (Shoot meristemless) and Knotted1 (kt1) are Master Regulators. Mutations of These leads to lessening or Even death of meristem.

Wushel (WUS) an Clevata 1-4 (CLV) regulate stem cells in a feedback loop. CLV3 promotes differentiation of SCs and suppresses WUS. WUS promotes division of stem cells and represses differentiation.

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4
Q

What is the pattern of leaf formation called?

A

Phylotaxis.

Leaves appear at an interval of 137.5 degrees.

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5
Q

What signal and transporter is responsible for leaf formation?

A

Auxin Maxima is transported by Pin. Existing leaf primordia act as Auxin sink. Buildup of Auxin leads to new leaf.

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6
Q

What is a chimera called when the mutation consists of an entire cell layer?

A

Periclinal (Periclinale)

It is stable and the offspring will be of the mutant phenotype.

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7
Q

What is a chimera where the mutation only covers part of a cell layer?

A

Mericlinal

These are unstable. Over time either the mutant or the wild type will win.

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8
Q

How does Auxin produce leaf premordia?

A

The existing leaf premordia act as Auxin sinks.
Where auxin is at its lowest point on the meristem, the development of a new leaf premordium is initiated. This determination causes Auxin to gather at this spot and builds the leaf premordium.

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9
Q

Signaling for the pollen tube.

A

MS (Lure) und FS (Plantacyanin) bezeichen hypothesische Signale, die man basierend auf beobachtungen des Pollenschlauchwachstums und der Analyse von Mutanten postuliert hat. ‘Pollen tube guidance’ passiert in zwei Schritten (Funiculus, Micropyle), die von mindestens zwei Signalen kontrolliert werden müssen.

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