W5_02 Pain

Question 1

prevalence of chronic non cancer pain (CNCP)?

Answer 1

10-17% of canadians (up to 29% more recently)

Question 2

fact: the medical model of disease equates disease and illness.

Answer 2

here, the psychological is unimportant or secondary to the physical disorder

Question 3

what is acute pain?

Answer 3

well-defined source;
autonomic and reflex signs;
emotion distress over when cause of pain eliminated

Question 4

what is chronic pain?

Answer 4

pain beyond 6 months;
autonomic and reflex diminish;
psychological responses augment;
life goes on despite limitations

Question 5

what is chronic pain disorder?

Answer 5

persistent pain;
underlying pathology has already healed;
psychological “depression” attributes

Question 6

red flags for chronic pain?

Answer 6

intense/prolonged;
spreading pains;
failure to respond to treatments;
PTSD;
anxiety;
depression;

Question 7

fact: internal pain blockers and altered states of mind can alter perception of pain

Answer 7

good.

Question 8

which kinds of brainwaves (and at what frequency) are seen in people blocking pain?

Answer 8

theta (4-7 Hz)

Question 9

how can hypnosis suppress pain?

Answer 9

split consciousness;
activate special spinal cord descending pathways that block pain signals;
reduce pain unpleasantness by altering meaning of pain

Question 10

which is the most common technique for imaging pain?

Answer 10

fMRI

Question 11

how does fMRI work in the context of pain?

Answer 11

bold oxygenation level detection for differences in deoxy and oxy-hemoglobin

Question 12

what two types of fMRI measure exist for pain?

Answer 12

direct, evoked response on an area;

correlated activity between brain areas

Question 13

what does the mid and anterior cingulate cortex deal with?

Answer 13

thought to be “emotional pain”;

in reality, deals with situations that demand attention

Question 14

what do the anterior cingulate cortex and the posterior insula do?

Answer 14

subjective pain perception

Question 15

cognitive-behaviour therapy led to what type of change?

Answer 15

increased gray matter in multiple brain areas

Question 16

how does yoga improve pain tolerance?

Answer 16

teaching different ways to deal with sensory inputs and emotional reactions

Question 17

fact: sometimes the brain will respond to a body trauma by rewiring to prevent pain, but can go overboard by blocking way more somatosensation than warranted

Answer 17

good