W5_06 Concussion

Question 1

what is considered primary prevention for concussion?

Answer 1

prevent the first concussion, i.e. reduce head-to-head contact, enforce checking rules, etc.

Question 2

what is considered secondary prevention for concussion?

Answer 2

diagnosing and management of a first concussion, e.g. removal from play and following the 6-step method

Question 3

what is considered tertiary prevention for concussion?

Answer 3

preventing-long term complications, e.g. removal from the sport permanently

Question 4

what’s the primary injury mechanism of concussion?

Answer 4

probably biochemical

Question 5

name 5 elements of the spectrum of concussion

Answer 5

acute concussion;
second impact syndrome;
post concussion syndrome;
psychological consequences;
brain degeneration (CTE, etc)

Question 6

how common is loss of consciousness in concussion?

Answer 6

5-10%. LoC lasts seconds to minutes

Question 7

can you diagnose concussion on a CT or MRI?

Answer 7

no. currently there is no biomarker for concussion.

Question 8

what are the 6 steps of concussion management?

Answer 8

1: physical/mental rest;
2: light aerobic exercise;
3: sport specific training;
4: drills without body contact;
5: need medical clearance to begin drills with body contact;
6: game play

Question 9

what would be indications for permanent termination of game play due to concussion?

Answer 9

continued neuological signs;
multiple concussions in short time;
long recovery;
lesions on CT or MRI

Question 10

what does SCAT3 stand for?

Answer 10

sport concussion assessment tool

Question 11

what is the physiology of second impact syndrome?

Answer 11

cerebrovascular congestion - causes ischemia, then swelling, then increased ICP

Question 12

what are characteristics of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Answer 12

intellectual decline, balance impairment, slurred speech, tremor;
tauopathy;