WARD CLASS - MIDTERM ABO (MATERNAL)

Question 1

is determined by the antigens present on the surface of red blood cells

Answer 1

Blood typing

Question 2

The markers on RBCs,
are known as

Answer 2

antigens

Question 3

4 ABO Blood System

Answer 3

TYPE A, B, AB, O

Question 4

RBCs lack both A and B antigens

Answer 4

Type O

Question 5

occurs when a mother and her baby have mismatched blood types,

mother’s immune system to perceive the baby’s blood as foreign and produce
antibodies to attack it

Answer 5

ABO incompatibility

Question 6

The incidence of ABO incompatibility is relatively common, affecting up to how much percenntage of pregnancies

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

additional Rh factor

Answer 7

(protein D)

Question 8

Most common (37% of the population) blood type:

Answer 8

● O+

Question 9

Essential for emergency use, found in 6%. blood type:

Answer 9

● O-

Question 10

Second most common (34%).blood type:

Answer 10

A+

Question 11

Rarest blood type, less than 1% of the population. blood type:

Answer 11

AB-

Question 12

In ABO-HDN, maternal antibodies attack the fetus’s RBCs, leading to their destruction. This
can cause

Answer 12

hemolytic anemia

Question 13

the breakdown of RBCs

Answer 13

Hemolysis

Question 14

Hemolysis produces what that can accumulate in newborns and cause jaundice

Answer 14

bilirubin

Question 15

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND COMPLICATIONS
In newborns, ABO-HDN can present with

Answer 15

Jaundice
Anemia
Hydrops fetalis
Kernicterus: A

Question 16

life-threatening condition involving fluid buildup in fetal tissues.

Answer 16

Hydrops fetalis

Question 17

serious condition where bilirubin deposits in the brain,

Answer 17

Kernicterus

Question 18

ABO incompatibility can be diagnosed through:

Answer 18

Blood Typing
Coombs Test
Cord Blood Tests
Bilirubin Monitoring

Question 19

This is the Assessing the newborn’s blood for damage and hemolysis.

Answer 19

Cord Blood Tests:

Question 20

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Treatment options for ABO incompatibility include:

Answer 20

Phototherapy
Exchange Transfusion
Fluid and Nutrition Support

Question 21

a condition in newborns characterized by high levels of bilirubin in the blood,
leading to jaundice

Answer 21

Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 22

Jaundice Types:

Answer 22

● Physiological Jaundice:
● Pathological Jaundice:
● Breast Milk Jaundice:

Question 23

a serious type of jaundice, appears within 24 hours, due to ABO-Rh incompatibility.

Answer 23

Pathological Jaundice

Question 24

Refers to the measurement of bilirubin levels in the blood

Answer 24

Total Serum Bilirubin (TsB)

Question 25

non-invasive method of estimating bilirubin levels using a device placed on the skin, offering a quick and painless

Answer 25

Transcutaneous Bilirubin (TcB)

Question 26

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT FOR Hyperbilirubinemia

Answer 26

1. Early Feeding 2. Phototherapy 3. Monitoring: 4. Exchange Transfusion

Question 27

Monitor bilirubin for how many days to check for recurrence.

Answer 27

2-3 days

Question 28

Stimulates red blood cell production when bone marrow cannot compensate for hemolysis.

Answer 28

Erythropoietin Therapy

Question 29

ABO/Rh Incompatibility Prevention: Administer what to a rh negative mother

Answer 29

Rh immunoglobulin (RhoGAM)

Question 30

ABO Incompatibility: occurs during first pregnancy. T/F

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Rh Incompatibility: occurs in first pregnancy. T/F

Answer 31

False. RH INCOM does not bitch

Question 32

ABO is less severe and can be treated with supportive care. T/F

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

COMPARISON OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ABO & RH

Answer 33

ABO Incompatibility: - Occurs when maternal antibodies target A or B antigens in the baby’s red blood cells. ● Rh Incompatibility: - Occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

Question 34

DIFFERENCE IN CLINICAL PRESENTATION ABO & RH

Answer 34

● ABO Incompatibility: - Newborns may present with jaundice and mild anemia after birth. Rh Incompatibility: - More severe, especially in subsequent pregnancies.

Question 35

ASSESSMENTS AND DIAGNOSIS ; RH ABO

Answer 35

● ABO Incompatibility: - Diagnosed through blood typing - Confirmed with a positive Coombs test. ● Rh Incompatibility: - Diagnosed by testing the Rh status of the mother and baby. - confirmed by Cord blood testing