Water

Question 1

What are living things composed of?

Answer 1

Mainly Water
1. Carbonhydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 2

What is water made up of?

Answer 2

Water is made of 2 H atoms bonded to an Oxygen atom (H20)

Question 3

Define polarity of a molecule

Answer 3

It refers to the differences in charges at opposite ends

Question 4

Define Cohesion

Answer 4

Mutual attraction between water molecules, causing them to “stick together.”

Question 5

What causes a high cohesive strength?

Answer 5

A large numbers of H bonds water has

Question 6

Is water adhesive?

Answer 6

Yes, water molecule is able to stick to other polar or charged molecules

Question 7

What does water’s attraction to charged or polar surfaces allow?

Answer 7

They allow water to flow in opposition to gravitational forces. (Capillary action)

Question 8

What does strength of the capillary action depend on?

Answer 8

It will be dependent on the diameter of the pore, the water moves (smaller the diameter, more action)

Question 9

What causes the H bonds to form and release energy?

Answer 9

Air being replaced by water in the capillary tube.

Question 10

What creates the suction force?

Answer 10

The suction force is created due to the attraction of water to other surfaces.

Question 11

Define Transpiration pull

Answer 11

A movement of water up and out the top of plants.

Question 12

Define metabolism

Answer 12

Collective of enzyme catalyzed reations in the cytoplasm

Question 13

What diffuses more efficiently in water?

Answer 13

Reactants and products, making reactions more likely to happen

Question 14

Transportation in vascular plants

Answer 14

Mineral ions are transported via xylem vessels while dissolved nutrients are transported via the phloem

Question 15

What does blood plasma transport?

Answer 15

They transport dissolved solutes; amino acids, glucose, wastes, Na+ and Cl- ions, an da small amount of O2, and CO2 gases.

Question 16

Example of a non water-soluble substance

Answer 16

Lipids, they are non-polar and large so completely insoluble.

Question 17

How can lipids be transported?

Answer 17

They must be packaged with proteins and a phospholipid layer that can be transported via the blood.

Question 18

Define Solvation

Answer 18

It is a process by which solvent molecules surround and interact with solute molecules

Question 19

Why do polar solutes dissolve?

Answer 19

They dissolve due to attraction

Question 20

Define Buoyancy

Answer 20

Upward force exerted by a fluid on an object that is determined by the density of the medium.

Question 21

What allows objects to float?

Answer 21

Water being more dense than air so having greater upward force

Question 22

Define Viscosity

Answer 22

A measure of a fluid stendance to flow

Question 23

Define Thermal Conductivity

Answer 23

Rate at which heat passes through a material

Question 24

What makes a water good insulator?

Answer 24

Water has a high conductivity especially compared to air and fats/oils

Question 25

How can water temperatures remain stable?

Answer 25

Water has a higher specific heat capacity than air as its hydrogen bonds require additional energy to break

Question 26

Leading theory of water?

Answer 26

Leading theory is that water was delivered by asteriods colliding wiht earch and these asteriods contained more water than current asteriods do

Question 27

Define Goldilocks Zone

Answer 27

It is the habitable range around a star where the right temperatures would exist for liquid water and hence life.

Question 28

What does the Goldilocks zone depend on?

Answer 28

THey depend on the size and temperature of the star. Also the size, gravity and atmospheric pressure of the planet

Question 29

How can loons float on water?

Answer 29

The loon has hollow bones which are less dense

Question 30

Why do loons have difficulty walking on land

Answer 30

Becuase their legs are located at the rear to better propel them through water (higher viscosity)

Question 31

What prevents loons from heat loss?

Answer 31

Loon's feathers that form an interlocking structure that functions as a barrier to water (Water has higher thermal conductivity)

Question 32

What allows ringed sesals to submerge?

Answer 32

The seal has denser bones than the loon, allowing it to stay submerged upon diving (less buoyant)

Question 33

What allows seal to better propel through water

Answer 33

The seal possessing a stremlined body (Higher viscosity than air)

Question 34

What prevents seal from heat loss while in the water

Answer 34

Ringed seals have an outer coat of fur that traps air for waterproofing and also has a thick layer of blubber

Question 35

What makes seal vulnerable to climate change

Answer 35

Ringed seals do not have many effective cooling mechanisms becuase water temperatures are generally stable