Week 1

Question 1

Definition of science

Answer 1

Knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws, especially as obtained and tested through scientific method

Question 2

Natural Science

Answer 2

Such knowledge or such a system of knowledge concerned with the physical world and its phenomena

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

A statement of what might be true

Question 4

Fact

Answer 4

Confirmed to such a degree that it would be reverse to withhold provisional consent

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

A comprehensive explanation of some aspect of nature that is supported by a vast body of evidence

Question 6

Element

Answer 6

A substance that cannot be broken down into other kinds of substances by ordinary chemical means

Question 7

Atom

Answer 7

The smallest unit of an element that retains all of the elements properties, the number of protons in an atom determines the elements

Question 8

Proton

Answer 8

Mass is 1 unit, electric charge is +1 unit

Question 9

Neutron

Answer 9

Mass is 1 unit, electric charge is 0 units

Question 10

Electron

Answer 10

Mass is 0 units, electric charge is -1 unit

Question 11

The number of protons in an atom determines ____

Answer 11

The element

Question 12

Isotopes

Answer 12

Atoms with the same number of protons (the same element) but different numbers of neutrons

Question 13

Valence Shell

Answer 13

The outermost shell that contains one or more electrons

Question 14

Covalent bond

Answer 14

A chemical bond in which two atoms share one pair of valence electrons

Question 15

Molecule

Answer 15

Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonding

Question 16

Compound

Answer 16

Molecule with two or more elements

Question 17

Emergent properties

Answer 17

The properties of a compound are not simply a combination of the properties of its elements

Question 18

Polar Molecule

Answer 18

A molecule with an uneven distribution of electric charge

Question 19

Hydrogen bond

Answer 19

Weak attraction between polar molecules

Question 20

Ion

Answer 20

Atom or molecule with a net electric charge

Question 21

Ionic bond

Answer 21

A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 22

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 22

Components cannot be distinguished with a light microscope

Question 23

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 23

Components can be distinguished visually

Question 24

Chemical reaction

Answer 24

The making and breaking of chemical bonds

Question 25

Enzyme

Answer 25

Makes a chemical reaction take place more easily

Question 26

Diffusion

Answer 26

The net movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 28

Acidity

Answer 28

The concentration of the hydrogen ions

Question 29

Acid (H+)

Answer 29

Substance that in water increases the concentration of hydrogen ions

Question 30

Base (OH-)

Answer 30

Substance that in water increases the concentration of hydroxide ions

Question 31

Acids and bases tend to ___

Answer 31

Neutralize each other

Question 32

Lipids (ex: fat, oil, wax)

Answer 32

Non polar, high in chemical energy

Question 33

Carbohydrates (ex: sugars, starch and cellulose)

Answer 33

Polar high in chemical energy, monosaccharides single sugar unit, disaccharides two sugar units and polysaccharides many sugar units

Question 34

Nucleic acids (ex: DNA and RNA)

Answer 34

Genes and polymer of nucleotides

Question 35

Proteins (ex: enzymes, hormones, structural proteins)

Answer 35

Folded chain of amino acids, polymer of amino acids

Question 36

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 36

Have no true nucleus

Question 37

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 37

Have a true nucleus

Question 38

Unicellular

Answer 38

Each cell carries out all life processes

Question 39

Bacterial cells

Answer 39

No true nucleus, no endoplasmic reticulum, no Golgi apparatus, no mitochondria, no chloroplasts, no vesicles or vacuoles, no centrosome

Question 40

Animal cells

Answer 40

No cell wall, no plasmodesmata, no chloroplasts, no central vacuole

Question 41

Plant cells have a cell wall called

Answer 41

Cellulose

Question 42

Fungal cells are

Answer 42

Eukaryotic and have a cell wall named chitin