Week 12

Question 1

Innate behaviour

Answer 1

Behaviour that is developmentally fixed

Question 2

Fixed action pattern

Answer 2

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus, more complex signals and responses

Question 3

Learned behaviour

Answer 3

Behaviour that is modified based on experience

Question 4

Imprinting

Answer 4

The formation at a specific stage in life of a long lasting behavioural response

Question 5

More complex learning

Answer 5

Spatial learning, associative learning and problem solving

Question 6

Behaviours are part of the

Answer 6

Phenotype

Question 7

Carrying capacity

Answer 7

The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources

Question 8

Competition (-/-)

Answer 8

The interaction can be detrimental to both species, members of the two species compete for a resource

Question 9

Competitive exclusion

Answer 9

In a simple competition one species may drive the other to local extinction

Question 10

Natural selection may favour

Answer 10

The avoidance of competition

Question 11

Predation, herbivory, parasitism and disease (+/-)

Answer 11

The interaction is beneficial to one species and detrimental to the other

Question 12

Predation

Answer 12

Members of one species (predators) eat members of another species

Question 13

Parasitism

Answer 13

Member of one species (parasites) live in or on members of another species (hosts) while feeding on the hosts

Question 14

Disease

Answer 14

Microscopic parasitism

Question 15

Detailed explanation of predation

Answer 15

Natural selection favours traits that allow prey to avoid predators, predation may prevent a prey population from reaching its carrying capacity, predation may reduce competition among prey populations

Question 16

Mutualism (+/+)

Answer 16

The interaction is beneficial to both species

Question 17

Commensalism (+/0)

Answer 17

One species benefits from the interaction and the other species is unaffected by it

Question 18

Symbiosis

Answer 18

A long term intimate association of organisms of two different species

Question 19

Trophic levels

Answer 19

Primary producers are eaten by primary consumers who are eaten by secondary consumers who are eaten by tertiary consumers who are eaten by quaternary consumers

Question 20

Biotic

Answer 20

Related to living organisms

Question 21

Abiotic

Answer 21

Not related to living organisms

Question 22

Niche

Answer 22

The sum of a species use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment

Question 23

Biomass

Answer 23

The amount of organic matter in a group of organisms

Question 24

Primary production

Answer 24

The rate at which new biomass is generated in an ecosystem

Question 25

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 25

Critical step to the nitrogen cycle without it it doesn’t work

Question 26

Limiting nutrient

Answer 26

The nutrient that must be added to increase primary production in an ecosystem (usually nitrogen or phosphorus)

Question 27

Life

Answer 27

Response to the environment, exchange of materials with the environment, metabolism, growth and reproduction

Question 28

Viruses

Answer 28

Obligate parasites they can’t survive on their own

Question 29

What makes up a virus

Answer 29

Capsid (outside shell) Genetic material (inside capsid)

Question 30

Capsid

Answer 30

Made out of protein (each circle on the capsid represents one protein molecule)

Question 31

Genetic material

Answer 31

Inside the capsid (in viruses some of them use DNA or RNA as their genetic material )

Question 32

Virus process

Answer 32

The capsid will allow the genetic material to get into the cell when it gets in contact with the target cell, the dna will transcribe into mRNA which translates into capsid proteins, the viral DNA keeps replicating as the DNA sees the virus DNA as normal DNA, self assembly of new virus particles keep adding up until they burst in your body

Question 33

Viroid

Answer 33

A circular RNA molecule that infects certain plants

Question 34

Prion

Answer 34

An infectious misfolded protein, this molecule tends to misfold any similar protein that it comes in contact with

Question 35

Widely accepted hypothesis about prion

Answer 35

A normal protein is misfolded (has an abnormal tertiary structure)

Question 36

Cancer

Answer 36

The cell cycle is controlled particularly in a multicellular organism, several genes are involved in various aspects of this control, a mutation in one of these genes may result in uncontrolled cell division, daughter cell inherits this uncontrolled cell division, cell tends to be unspecialized

Question 37

Benign tumour

Answer 37

The cells that are growing out of control remain in the same location

Question 38

Metastasis

Answer 38

If the cells spread in the body starting new tumours it is considered a cancer

Question 39

Why is cancer difficult to treat

Answer 39

The cancerous cells are part of the body

Question 40

Herbivory

Answer 40

Members of one species (herbivores) eat parts of plants or algae