Week 5 (part 1) Flashcards
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Genetic material of all cells, sugar phosphate backbone with nucleic acid bases and polymer of nucleotides each with a sugar phosphate and nucleic acid base
Bases
Thymine
Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
DNA replication
Separate strands then DNA polymerase uses each strand as a template to add complementary strand
DNA polymerase
Works it way across the strands and brings complementary nucleotides
Gene expression
DNA -> RNA -> Protein -> trait
RNA
Typically single stranded, different sugar, uracil rather than thymine
3 types of RNA
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA
Messenger RNA
Carries protein blueprint from DNA to ribosomes
Transfer RNA
Carries amino acids to ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
With certain proteins makes up ribosomes
Inherited diseases are caused by
The recessive allele
Sex linked
Genes with their loci on the sex chromosomes
X linked
Genes with their loci on the X chromosome
Population genetics
Concerned with how common certain genotypes are in a population rather than the genotypes of specific parents and their offsprings
The probability that any X chromosome carries an allele for red green colour blindness is 8%, what is the probability that a female can be colour blind
0.08 x 0.08 = 0.0064
Transcription
DNA -> Coding strand -> template strand -> transcript
Translation
Transcript -> polypeptide
RNA polymerase
Makes RNA by reading DNA
Three phases
1) initiation
2) elongation
3) termination
Primary structure
The peptide sequence define at DNA level
Secondary structure
The shape of a specific loci pattern of amino acids
Tertiary structure
The shape of folded protein
Quaternary structure
A two or more proteins which together make up a unit
Gene regulation
Control of transcription is the most important mechanism in the control of gene expression
