Week 1 Flashcards
(24 cards)
What were the 3 repugnant ideas regarding nervous system in the early 1700s?
1) Spirits run through hollow nerves
2) lights of different energies transferred vibrations to nerves, conveying sensations to brains
3) mini explosions caused upon mixing of fluid droplets from nerve ends and blood, activating muscle
T/F- Did Aristotle have a cardio-centric view of the mind? Was this contrary to Hippocrates?
True- and it was contrary to Hipprocates.
Why was the cardic-centric view of mind popular?
Heart moves whereas brain moves, warmth emanates from the body’s core (the heart). Simple animals move and react, but have no brain
What were some of Galen’s contributions?
Complete description of ‘third system’ to supply tissues and their connections to brain and spinal cord
what was descartes view of brain function?
a mechanism of fluid and tubes
What was broca’s important discovery?
Accumulated evidence (many patients) from the discrete function deficits seen in the patient’s behaviour and the correlation with discrete lesions in their brains (discovered at autopsy).
What was Luigi Galvani trying to demonstrate in the 1700s?
Nerves convey ‘animal electricity’ and this signal activates muscle
What was Aldini unsuccessful in, but what did he manage to succeed in?
Unsuccessful in trying to activate muscle by electrical stimulation of the brain.
Managed to activate many facial muscles though
T/F- Ion transporters move ions against the concentration gradient
True
What do ion channels do?
Allow ions to diffuse down concentration gradient.
What did Jean-Martin Charcot do?
conducted experiments by showing cortical localisation
What was Purkyne’s contribution in the 19th century?
first to suggest that NS composed of discrete cells
What did Waldeyer introduce the concept of?
Introduced term neuron, dendrite and axons
Cajal’s recognition of superior staining in developing tissue led to discover what?
Growth cones
what were the major discoveries of Charles Sherrington?
Synapse named after him, degeneration occurs around synapse, and that synapse makes conduction uni-directional.
What criteria defines neurotransmitter?
1) Stored in pre-synaptic terminal
2) some action of neuron
3) fast but brief action
4) relase when calcium dependent function impulse arrrives
T/F- Chemical synapses are non-energy dependent and slow
False- they are energy dependent, but slow
What sort of channels are synapses?
Ligand gates channels
what are some features of electrical synapses?
can only excite, passive transmission, good for synchronisation of neural groups, bi-directional, no long latency
In Hippocampal cells, when the cells were given a tetanic burst, what happened when u gave another impulse later?
Retained the tetanic impulse
What is synaptic specifcity?
Other neurons dont have influence on strenght of synapse
what is synaptic associativity?
Other synapses nearby get strenghtened when one synapse is strong
T/F- Synapses cant change their strenght and content
False- they can
What are the two types of receptors in post synaptic cells during depolarisation? Which receptor expels Mg to let Ca+ in?
AMPA receptor and NMDA receptor. NMDA receptor expels Mg
