Week 1

Question 1

What are the Awareness of human factors

Answer 1

 understand why healthcare staff make errors and in particular, which ‘systems factors’ threaten patient safety
 improve the safety culture of teams and organisations
 enhance teamwork and improve communication between healthcare staff
 improve the design of healthcare systems and equipment
 identify ‘what went wrong’ and predict ‘what could go wrong’

Question 2

What is the Swiss Cheese Model and an example

Answer 2

that in any system there are many levels of defence

e.g checking of drugs before administration, a preoperative checklist or marking a surgical site before an operation

Question 3

What are latent conditions

Answer 3

Each of these levels of defence in the Swiss Cheese Model has little ‘holes’ in it which are caused by:
poor design, senior management decision-making, procedures, lack of training, limited resources etc. These holes are known as ‘latent conditions’.

Question 4

Open culture

Answer 4

Staff feel comfortable discussing patient safety
incidents and raising safety issues with both
colleagues and senior managers

Question 5

just culture

Answer 5

Staff, patients and carers are treated fairly, with
empathy and consideration when they have
been involved in a patient safety incident or
have raised a safety issue

Question 6

Reporting culture

Answer 6

Staff have confidence in the local incident reporting system and use it to notify healthcare managers of incidents that are occurring, including near misses •Barriers to incident reporting have been identified and removed: - staff are not blamed and punished when they report incidents - they receive constructive feedback after submitting an incident report - the reporting process itself is easy

Question 7

Learning culture

Answer 7

The organisation: - is committed to learn safety

lessons- communicates them to colleague - remembers them over time

Question 8

Informed culture

Answer 8

The organisation has learnt from past experience

and has the ability to identify and mitigate future

Question 9

Ring et al (2016) argue that this concept of risk culture is best manifest in

Answer 9

“how an organisation deals with bad news (p.368).’ Culture is the result of repetitive behaviours and processes supported by the organisation over time

Question 10

What is A culture of blame

Answer 10

is a set of norms and attitudes within an organization characterized by an unwillingness to take risks or accept responsibility for mistakes because of a fear of criticism or management admonishment

Question 11

What is just cultureor ajust safety culture-

Answer 11

An environment supportive of open dialogue to facilitate safer practices

Question 12

What is LILAC

Answer 12

is an acronym for organisational factors that can demonstrate an organisation that has a robust risk culture

Question 13

What does LILAC stand for

Answer 13

Leadership: Strong leadership within the organisation for operational management
Involvement: The organisation adopts and integrated approach to managing risk
Learning: Risk management training and learning from mistakes is standard practice
Accountability: Natural justice and appropriate consequences apply to all those who fail in their responsibilities.
Communication: Transparency and openness occurs within the organisation about mistakes and their reparations.

Question 14

Plays a role in developing, implementing and monitoring national clinical safety and quality standards that cover safety quality and appropriateness of care.

Answer 14

Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health care

Question 15

Reports on the performance of hospitals and primary health care organisations

Answer 15

National Health Performance Authority

Question 16

National based activity based funding for Australian public hospitals-that provide incentives for efficiency & transparency in the delivery of funding of public hospitals services

Answer 16

Independent Pricing Authority

Question 17

Information and statistics on Australia’s health and welfare

Answer 17

Australian Institute of Health and welfare

Question 18

Managing health research, including prevention

Answer 18

National Health and Medical Research Council

Question 19

Regulation of therapeutic goods including blood and blood products and medical devices

Answer 19

Therapuetic Goods administration

Question 20

‘Deliver quality evidence-based healthcare for our patients and clients’ is an objective of the Darling Downs Health Service. Identify risks that may prevent achievement of this objective

Answer 20

a. Facility Budget
b. Staffing/Skill Mix
c. Provision of education/mandatory training for staff
d. Compliance with policies and procedures

Question 21

Which of the following is not a critical issue in Australia’s health care reform

a. Cost
b. Quality
c. Access
d. Hierachy

Answer 21

Hierachy

Question 22

Acting consistently and being accountable to high standards

Answer 22

Integrity

Question 23

Being reasonable in decision making and communicating well

Answer 23

Dignity

Question 24

Demonstrate understanding empathy and a desire to help

Answer 24

Compassion

Question 25

Having strength to question, act, and persevere in spite of criticism or failure

Answer 25

Courage

Question 26

Always learning more so we can be proactive and forward thinking

Answer 26

Innovation

Question 27

What is risk culture

Answer 27

‘the norms and traditions of behaviour of individuals and of groups within an organisation that determine the way in which they identify, understand, discuss, and act on the risks the organisation confronts and the risks it takes

Question 28

When was medicare created

Answer 28

1984 and in 2004 it moved as a division of the Finance and Administration portfolio within the government

Question 29

When did the human services legislation Amendment Act combined medicare with centrelink into the department of human services?

Answer 29

2011

Question 30

The federal government funds health through medicare and the states deliver healthcare reimbursement. When does this process begin

Answer 30

When a patient admission documentation is coded by the health services from the written patient notes of health professionals

Question 31

What is organisational risk

Answer 31

Organisations have a responsibility to shareholders and employees to provide ongoing profits and safe employment. Anything that might limit or prevent achievement of an organisations objectives is considered an organisational risk.

Question 32

What is organisational culture

Answer 32

Is how we do things at work, how we trust each other at work

Question 33

What is observational culture

Answer 33

What might be seen or heard by customers or patients during their time in your workplace

Question 34

What is core culture

Answer 34

Organisations determine why employees behave the way they do.

Question 35

What is a high trust culture

Answer 35

A culture where you can be informal and not worry about foul-doing

Question 36

What is low trust culture

Answer 36

Environments everyone is suspicious and feels the need to double check their work