week 1-cellular metabolism

Question 1

main inorganic

Answer 1

generally do not contain carbon

carbon dioxide
water
salts

Question 2

main organic

Answer 2

always contain carbon
sugar
fats
proteins

Question 3

intracellular fluid

Answer 3

found inside of cells(2/3)

Question 4

extracellular fluid

Answer 4

found outside of cells (1/3)
Plamsa
interstitial fluid

Question 5

Electrolyte examples

Answer 5

sodium
potassium
calcium
chloride
phosphate
magnesium

Question 6

Electrolyte +examples

Answer 6

-controls fluid balance of the body
-important in muscle contraction
-nerve impulses
-energy generation
-every major biochemical reaction

Question 7

buffers

Answer 7

resist changes in ph
bring solution back to neutral(7.35-7.45)

Question 8

Ph+ significance in body

Answer 8

-measurement of molarity of H in body
-a change in 1 ph means it is 10x as acidic
high ph-low hydrogen
low ph-high hydrogen

Question 9

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 9

sugars are quickly broken down to generate energy(ATP)

Question 10

Functions of lipids

Answer 10

used as secondary source for atp
form cholesterol
insulates organs

Question 11

Function of ATP

Answer 11

bodies most important energy-transfer molecule

Question 12

How is energy stored in ATP molecule

Answer 12

holds energy in covalent bonds-phosphate bonds

Question 13

How is ATP gereneted

Answer 13

when glucose(large molecule) breakdown
,
the electrons that are given off help bind ADP to P,

making ATP

Question 14

What processes produces new cells in body

Answer 14

mitosis-2 daughter, 46 chromosomes
meiosis- sex cells, 23 chromosomes(sperm, oocytes)

Question 15

What calls cannot be replaced in body

Answer 15

nuerons
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

Question 16

What is function of cell membrane

Answer 16

regulation of exchange between external environment
allows things into and out of cells

Question 17

What types of proteins help with cell membrane function

Answer 17

phospholipid bilayer
glycocalyx
integral/membrane proteins

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

All the cellular reactions of the body at a given time

Question 19

Catabolism

Answer 19

large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
electrons given off help to form ATP

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

builds substances for growth and repair
small molecules make a larger molecule
requires ATP

Question 21

purpose of enzymes

Answer 21

function as biological catalysts

permit reactions to occur rapidly at a normal body temperature

Breaks covalent bonds between monomers in substrate

Question 22

unique characteristics of enzymes

Answer 22

enzymes are reusable
work at over 1 million per minute
PH and temperature help change its shape

Question 23

What is cellular respiration

Answer 23

energy releasing reactions that breakdown glucose and fatty acids to be energy source in synthesis of ATP

Question 24

what is purpose of cellular respiration

Answer 24

breaks down molecules so ATP can be synthesized

Question 25

Cellular respiration complete equation

Answer 25

glucose+ 6O2+ 36ADP+ 36P = 6Co2 +6H20+ 36 ATP

Question 26

How many ATP molecules are formed from one glucose molecule

Answer 26

36

Question 27

4 steps of cellular respiration

Answer 27

glycolysis formation of acetyl co-a citric acid cycle electron transport chain

Question 28

Aerobic reactions+where in cell do occur

Answer 28

occurs in mitochondria -formation of acetylene co a -citric acid cycle -electron transport chain

Question 29

anaerobic reactions+where in cell do occur

Answer 29

glycolysis occurs in cytosol

Question 30

Primary types of molecules that can be broken down to make atp

Answer 30

glucose + lipids

Question 31

general function of dna

Answer 31

has instructions for synthesizing all of the bodies proteins transfers heredity information from cell to cell

Question 32

general function of rna

Answer 32

carries out genetic instruction(from dna) to synthesize proteins assembles amino acid in right order to produce proteins

Question 33

basic chemical structure of dna

Answer 33

backbone of phosphate and sugar(deoxyribose) A-T C-G T-A G-C

Question 34

basic chemical structure of rna

Answer 34

Backbone of phosphate and sugar (ribose) A-U T-A C-G G-C

Question 35

transcripton

Answer 35

DNA makes RNA(mRNA) mRNA Reads Dna, gives to ribosomes(tRNA)

Question 36

translation

Answer 36

RNA links amino acids together to from proteins

Question 37

process of protein synthesis

Answer 37

1-mRNA made from DNA 2-mRNA copies one strand of DNA 3mRNA breaks off, goes to ribosome 4-tRNA reads mRNA, makes amino acids from codons 5tRNA keeps going until stop codon

Question 38

monosaccharides

Answer 38

simple sugars glucose galactose fructose

Question 39

disaccharides

Answer 39

composed of 2 monosaccharides sucrose lactose maltose

Question 40

polysaccharides

Answer 40

long chains of glucose glycogen starch cellulose

Question 41

structure proteins

Answer 41

keratin(hair) collagen(bones skin teeth)

Question 42

communication proteins

Answer 42

hormones neurotransmetteurs

Question 43

membrane transport proteins

Answer 43

channels carrier proteins hemoglobins

Question 44

catalysts proteins

Answer 44

assist in biochemical reactons enzymes

Question 45

recognition and protection proteins

Answer 45

self proteins-differated between self and non self antibodies-kill microorganisms clotting proteins-blood clots

Question 46

call adhesion

Answer 46

protein cells bind together immune cells bind to cancer cells

Question 47

acid

Answer 47

proton donor

Question 48

base

Answer 48

proton acceptor

Question 49

mRNA

Answer 49

Reads DNA brings script to ribosomes

Question 50

tRNA

Answer 50

Reads mRNA build up proteins from mRNA script