Week 5- Neuromuscular system

Question 1

What are the unique characteristics/properties of muscle tissue that help it with its function?

Answer 1

Stimulated/excitable

Generate action potential-conduct within itself-contracts/shortens

stretch and go back to original length

Question 2

sarcolemma

Answer 2

Surrounding the cell
Cell membrane

Question 3

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

Stores calcium

Question 4

T tubules

Answer 4

Allow action potential to travel deep into cell

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

provides energy and atp

Question 6

myofibrils

Answer 6

composed of thick and thin filaments

Question 7

myofilaments

Answer 7

Actin-Thin

Myosin-Thick

Question 8

Describe components of thick filament

Answer 8

Myosin
Appear thicker-have golf heads on ends

Question 9

Describe components of thin filament

Answer 9

Actin
appear thinner

Question 10

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 10

Length of Overlapping thick and thin filaments

Shorten sarcomere to contract

Question 11

What does the term “innervation” refer to?

Answer 11

Requires a specific nerve to perform action

Question 12

Describe the NMJ (neuromuscular junction)—what occurs there?

Answer 12

Where neuron and skeletal muscle meet

-Synaptic bulb on axon terminal releases ACH

-ACh travels inside of space called synaptic cleft

-Travels inside of cleft until it reaches nicotinic receptors- n.receptor then performs action

-After response is done, ACHE will break down ACH to get rid of it

Question 13

What is a motor unit? How do motor units provide for muscle contraction?

Answer 13

Neuron(LMN) and all of skeletal muscle cells in one muscle that it can stimulate

Can recruit more motor units if needed-allows for rest of muscles to prevent fatigue

Question 14

Small motor unit

Answer 14

smaller motor unit
fine degree of control
3-6 muscle cels per neuron

Question 15

large motor unit

Answer 15

larger motor unit
has more strength then control
1000 muscle cells per neuron
many muscle fibers

Question 16

excitation of muscle

Answer 16

-LMN will release ACH
-ACH will bind to nicotinic receptor on cell
-Stimulates action potential of skeletal muscle
-AP will go deep into t.tubleus-release calcium into cell

Question 17

contraction of muscle

Answer 17

-Calcium will remove tt complex off of actin
-Myosin heads will bind to atp
-Myosin heads will attach to actin
Myosin heads will pull-release-pull etc.. on actin inward, which shortens length of sarcomere

Question 18

relaxation of skeletal muscle

Answer 18

-Stop signal-get rid of ACH-Stops action potential
-calcium gets sucked back into sarcoplasmic reticulum
-Tt complex covers actin again
-myosin cant bind
-muscle cell goes back to original length

Question 19

Why is ATP necessary for relaxation?

Answer 19

Calcium getting sucked back into SR

Question 20

isotonic contraction

Answer 20

Same load/weight
moving of length of muscle
ex-lifting weight

Question 21

isometric contraction

Answer 21

different amounts of load/weight
length of muscle doesnt move
ex-pushing on a wall

Question 22

muscular atrophy

Answer 22

decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissue

Question 23

muscular hypertrophy

Answer 23

increasing size of muscle cells
increasing load or stress on muscle will respond by creating more actin or myosin

Question 24

What is the purpose of glycogen in skeletal muscle cells?

Answer 24

Can be broken down and used as glucose to generate ATP

Question 25

Describe skeletal muscle metabolism to generate ATP

Answer 25

Glycolysis-generates 2 ATP-can go into rest of CR if needed-Generates lactic acid-no oxygen required CP-quickly donates P to adp to make ATP-byproduct is creatine Aerobic-glycolysis-formation of acetyl coa-krebs cycle-ETC

Question 26

immediate metabolism

Answer 26

short- intense exercise CP will supply phosphate to adp to make ATP

Question 27

short term metabolism

Answer 27

Fermentation yields small amounts of atp used in minor situations

Question 28

long term metabolism

Answer 28

Aerobic respiration-Glycolysis- acetyl coa-krebs-ETC Produces 36 ATP used for longer uses of metabolism

Question 29

fast muscle cells

Answer 29

adapted for fast responses adapted for fermentation to make ATP pale appearance because no mitochondria or capillaries

Question 30

slow muscle cells

Answer 30

adapted for aerobic respiration and fatigue resistance relatively long twitch

Question 31

Is NS required Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 31

S-Yes C-No SM-No

Question 32

Which ns will influence Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 32

S-Somatic C-Autonomic SM-Autonomic

Question 33

Name of contractile protein Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 33

S-Actin+ myosin C-Actin + myosin SM-Actin + myosin

Question 34

name of regulatory protein Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 34

S- T-T C-T-T SM-Calmodulin and kinase

Question 35

source of calcium Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 35

S- Sarcoplasmic reticulum C-Sarcoplasmic reticulum/ECF SM-Extra cellular fluid

Question 36

can it be autorythmic Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 36

S-No C-yes SM-yes

Question 37

can cells regenerate Skeletal cardiac smooth

Answer 37

S-no-scar tissue C-no-scar tissue SM-yes