Week 1: Inert Tissue Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is femoralacetabular impingement?
Pathological mechanical process by which morphological abnormalities of the acetabulum and/or femur combined with vigorous hip motion can damage the soft tissue structures within the hip itself
What can cause FAI?
-exposure to repetitive and often supraphysiologic hip rotation and hip flexion during development in childhood
- childhood hip disease, femoral neck fractures
-surgical over-correction such as hip dysplasia
What is a sprain ?
A sprain is an injury to the band of collagen tissue I.e. ligaments which connects two or more bones to a joint, primary function of a ligament is to provide passive stabilisation of a joint.
What causes a sprain?
Caused by a joint being forced suddenly outside its usual range of movement and inelastic fibres are stretched through a too great a range.
What is grade 1 sprains and strains?
-ligament, tendon or muscle is overstretched with only micro-tears. Localised pain/tenderness, no visible bruising, minimal swelling. Minimal loss of function. No loss of muscle strength and no ligament laxity
What is grade 2 sprain and strains?
-partial tear of ligament, immediate onset of all inflammatory signs. Moderate swelling, bruising, poorly localised pain. Decrease in strength and pain on contraction, joint may be unstable
What is grade 3 sprain or strains?
-complete rupture of ligament, tendon or muscle
-joint instability
-inability to contract muscle
-immediate acute pain
-may require immobilisation or surgery
What are the common sites of ligament injuries?
ACL,PCL,LCL,MCL,ATFL,CTFL,ACJ ligaments
What is frozen shoulder?
Adhesive capsulitis characterised by initially painful and later progressively restricted glenohumeral joint range of motion
What causes frozen shoulder?
Inflammation causes fibrosis of the GH joint capsule accompanied by gradually progressive stiffness and significant restriction of range of motion
What is the pathology of frozen shoulder?
-affects antero-superior joint capsule, axillary recess and coracohumeral ligament.
-increase in serum cytokines can facilitate tissue repair and remodelling during inflammatory process
-imbalance between aggressive fibrosis and a loss of normal collagen’s remodelling can lead to stiffening of the capsule and ligament structures.
What is the freezing phase of frozen shoulder?
Gradual onset of shoulder pain at rest, sharp pain at extremes of motion, pain at night with sleep, lasts 2-9 months
What is the frozen phase of frozen shoulder?
Progressive loss of GH motion, pain at extremes of movement, phase occurs at 4 months and last till about 12 months
What is the thawing phase of frozen shoulder?
Progressive improvement in functional range of motion which can last from 5-24 months
What is the stages of frozen shoulder?
Initial phase- painful freezing
Second phase- decreased range of movement
Third phase-resolution
What is osteoarthritis?
It’s the most common chronic condition of the joints and it is articular cartilage degenerates with fibrillation, fissures, ulceration, and full thickness loss of the joint surface
What are the risk factors for developing OA and what are the two types?
-Age, female gender, obesity, anatomical factors, muscle weakness, joint injury
-primary and secondary
What is clinical signs and symptoms for OA,
Pain-more on weight bearing such as walking
Reduced range or movement
Slight swelling over the joint
Clicking or grinding
What is the management of OA?
-Education and self-management
-non-pharmacological management
-pharmacological management
-referral for joint surgery
What is meniscal tear and mechanism and symptoms?
-Are due to an excessive force applied to a normal meniscus or normal force applied on a degenerative meniscus.
-twisting injury on a semi flexed limb through a weight bearing knee
-pain in the knee joint , swelling, catching, locking, inability to fully extend or bend the knee joint, difficulty weight bearing
What is Acute meniscal tears?
Result of a trauma or a sports injury and acute tears have different shapes and if they do not respond to conservative management, surgical management may be indicated
What is degenerative meniscal tears?
Most often occur in elderly people, minimal trauma or stress on the knee, mostly treated with physical therapy
What is patellofemoral pain syndrome(PFPS)?
An umbrella term for pain arising from the patellofemoral joint itself, or adjacent soft tissue, can be acute or chronic, tends to worsen with activities such as squatting, sitting and running. And is referred to as anterior knee pain
What are the causes of PFPS?
-overuse and overload of the patellofemoral joint, biomechanical abnormalities, muscular weakness, imbalance, patellar orientation
