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Neuro Anatomy > Week 1 - Internal Features and Vasculature > Flashcards

Week 1 - Internal Features and Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 paired arteries responsible for blood supply to brain?

A

Vertebral arteries
Internal carotid arteries

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2
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

Joining area for internal carotid and vertebral arteries

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3
Q

What is artery is number 1?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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4
Q

What is number 2?

A

Anterior communicating artery

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5
Q

What is number 3?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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6
Q

What is number 4?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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7
Q

What is number 6?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

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8
Q

What is number 8?

A

Basilar artery

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9
Q

What is number 9?

A

Anterior inferior cerebral artery

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10
Q

What is number 10?

A

Vertebral arteries

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11
Q

What is number 11?

A

Posterior inferior cerebral artery

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12
Q

What is number 12?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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13
Q

What is number 13?

A

Pontine artery

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14
Q

What is number 14?

A

Posterior communicating artery

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15
Q

What is number 15?

A

Internal carotid artery

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16
Q

From which arteries does the left and right vertebral arteries arise from?

A

Subclavian arteries

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17
Q

What level do left and right ICAs arise?

A

C4

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18
Q

How is the basilar artery formed?

A

Union of vertebral arteries at pontomedullary junction of brainstem

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19
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery join?

A

Internal carotid arteries to posterior cerebral arteries

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20
Q

What does anterior communicating arteries join?

A

Links the anterior cerebral arteries together

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21
Q

What fissure does anterior and middle cerebral artery lie?

A

Anterior - median longitudinal fissure
Middle - lateral sylvian fissure

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22
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral artery groove?

A

Basilar groove

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23
Q

What cerebral arteries supply primary motor and sensory area/cortex?

A

Anterior and middle

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24
Q

What cerebral artery supplies primary visual cortex?

A

Posterior

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25
Q

What cerebral artery supplies the primary auditory area?

A

Middle

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26
Q

What cerebral artery supplies the area of olfaction?

A

Middle

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27
Q

Which parts of the brain does the vertebral arteries supply?

A

Cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, cerebellum and interior of cerebrum

28
Q

Which parts of the brain does basilar artery supply?

A

Gives 2 posterior cerebral arteries supplying temporal and occipital lobes

29
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges just above the superior cerebellar artery?

A

Oculomotor nerve

30
Q

What cerebral artery runs immediately superior to superior cerebellar arteries?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

31
Q

What can aneurysm of posterior cerebral artery cause?

A

Palsy of cranial nerve III emerging just below
Means there can be eye misalignment, drooping eyelid, enlarged pupil, double vision, limited eye movement

32
Q

Describe the carotid sinus

A

Dilatation located on terminal part of the common carotid artery
It is a pressure receptor which monitors flow of blood from head, including brain
Sensory nerves from here run in glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

33
Q

Describe the carotid body

A

Area on posterior wall of terminal part of common carotid artery in neck
Contains chemoreceptors - sensitive to low O2 levels.

34
Q

What does detection of anoxia by carotid body cause?

A

Increased heart rate, respiration rate and blood pressure

35
Q

Where are the sympathetic motor nerves from superior cervical ganglion?

A

Plexus around the internal carotid artery
Enters skull with ICA through carotid canal and continues along main branches of ICA

36
Q

Where are venous sinuses?

A

Between periosteum and cranial dura

37
Q

What can the cerebral veins be divided into?

A

Superficial and deep
Deep - great cerebral vein

38
Q

What are some of the main sinuses of brain?

A

Superior and inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, inferior petrosal sinus, cavernous sinus

39
Q

What vein in neck does the venous sinuses drain into?

A

IJV

40
Q

What is different about the veins in brain and cranial venous sinuses?

A

No valves to prevent the backflow of blood
Also can be a potential route of infection

41
Q

Where does the superior ophthalmic vein drain into?

A

Cavernous sinus

42
Q

Describe emissary veins

A

Small veins connecting cranial venous sinuses with the diploe of the skull containing blood vessels of bone marrow
Continuous with veins in superficial fascia of outer part of skull and scalp

43
Q

What connects the inferior petrosal sinuses?

A

By left and right basilar sinuses

44
Q

What veins drain into the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, middle meningeal, hypophyseal and superficial middle cerebral vein

45
Q

What nerves pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

Oculomotor
Ophthalmic
Abducent
Maxillary

46
Q

What artery pass through the cavernous sinus?

A

Internal carotid artery

47
Q

What is the included in the blood supply of the spinal cord?

A

3 longitudinally running spinal arteries - 1 anterior and 2 posterior
And multiple segmental spinal arteries

48
Q

Branches of which arteries fuse to form the anterior and posterior spinal arteries?

A

Vertebral artery

49
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord

A

Anterior and posterior spinal veins communicate freely and join the internal vertebral venous plexus lying in epidural space
Communicates with dural sinuses and veins in skull

50
Q

What fluid is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

51
Q

What structures does the falx cerebri separate?

A

Left and right cerebral hemispheres

52
Q

What bony structure does the falx cerebri attach to anteriorly?

A

Crista galli on ethmoid bone

53
Q

Which venous sinuses make the upper and lower border of the falx cerebri?

A

Upper - superior
Lower - inferior sagittal sinus

54
Q

What structures lie on either side of the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Occipital lobe superiorly and cerebellum inferiorly

55
Q

What bony points does the anterior edge of tentorium cerebelli attach to?

A

Anterior clinoid processes

56
Q

What venous sinus runs along attachment of 2 cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Straight sinus

57
Q

What fold of dura surrounds the pituitary stalk?

A

Sellar diaphragm

58
Q

What fold of dura separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

59
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the dura mater

A

Branches of numerous arteries including ICA, ECA and vertebral arteries
Important - middle meningeal artery, branch of maxillary artery - ECA

60
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the ECA?

A

Splits into superficial temporal and maxillary in parotid gland

61
Q

What are ventricles in the brain?

A

They are interconnected spaces/ cavities within the brain
Central canal is continuous with ventricular system of the brain

62
Q

What embryological structure is the ventricles from?

A

Lumen if neural tube

63
Q

What are the parts of the lateral ventricle?

A

Anterior, posterior and inferior horns
Body

64
Q

What are the ventricles of the brain?

A

Lateral ventricle
Interventricular foramen
3rd ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle

65
Q

What specialised structures in ventricles generate CSF?

A

Choroid plexus by ependymal cells

66
Q

How does CSF pass into subarachnoid space from 4th ventricle?

A

Foramina of Luschka and Magendle to enter cisterns

67
Q

Which location is CSF reabsorbed back into general circulation?

A

Into dural sinuses through arachnoid villi

Neuro Anatomy (4 decks)

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