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C&M Neuroanatomy > Week 1: Lecture 2 - The Skull > Flashcards

Week 1: Lecture 2 - The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are there in the skull?

A

22

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2
Q

What are the bones in the skull connected by?

A

fibrous sutures

-a suture is a joint that is non moveable

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3
Q

which is the only joint in the skull that is moveable?

A

The temporomandibular joint in the cranial cavity of the brain

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4
Q

Which bones form the surroundings of the orbital cavity?

A 
Roof - frontal bone
Lateral walls - Zygomatic bones
Medial - lacrimal bone and ethmoid bone 
Floor - maxilla bones 
Posterior wall - sphenoid bone
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5
Q

Which suture connects the parietal bones?

A

sagittal suture

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6
Q

Which suture joints the frontal bone to both parietal bones?

A

coronal suture

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7
Q

Which bone is the ‘cheek’ bone?

A

zygomatic bones

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8
Q

Which bones are in the nasal cavity?

A
  • ethmoid bone
  • vomer bone
  • inferior nasal concha
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9
Q

Which part of the ethmoid bone connects to the vomer?

A

middle process of ethmoid

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10
Q

How is the shape of the sphenoid bone usually described?

A

butterfly shape

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11
Q

Which 5 bones in the skull are not paired?

A
  • frontal bone
  • ethmoid bone
  • vomer
  • mandible
  • sphenoid
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12
Q

Which 7 bones in the skull are paired?

A
  • parietal
  • nasal
  • temporal
  • zygomatic
  • lacrimal
  • maxillary
  • inferior nasal concha
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13
Q

Which 4 paranasal sinuses do we have?

A
  1. frontal sinuses
  2. ethmoidal sinuses
  3. maxillary sinuses
  4. sphenoid sinuses
    all found where the corresponding bones are
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14
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • lighten the weight of the skull
  • filter and humidify air
  • resonate voice
  • drain fluid into specific channels in the nasal cavity called meatuses
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15
Q

Which concha are found in the ethmoid bone?

A

superior and middle concha

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16
Q

What are meatuses?

A

channels underneath the concha

paranasal sinuses drain fluid into these spaces

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17
Q

Which gland sits on the sphenoid bone?

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

Which sinuses drain into the superior meatus? (SES)

A

SES -

Sphenoid sinus and ethmoidal air cells drain into superior meatus

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19
Q

Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus? (MFM)

A

MFM-

Maxillary and frontal sinus drain into middle meatus

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20
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

nasal lacrimal duct - bringing tears to our nasal cavity when we cry

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21
Q

Where is the mastoid process?

A

Protrusion in the posterior temporal lobe

-so called because its breast shaped

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22
Q

Which sharp and pointy projection is found anterior to the mastoid process?

A

styloid process

-so called because it resembles a pen

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23
Q

What does the external auditory canal/ tube do? What membrane is it covered with?

A
  • connects external ear to middle ear

- covered by tympanic membrane

24
Q

What connects the temporal bone to zygomatic bone?

A

zygomatic process

25
Q

So what are the 3 processes found in the temporal bone?

A
  • mastoid process
  • styloid process
  • zygomatic rocess
26
Q

What is the temporal-mandibular joint formed from?

A
  • temporal bone articulates with the mandible

- formed between the mandibular fossa and condyle of the mandible

27
Q

What are two landmarks of the mandible?

A
  • coronoid process of the mandible

- ramus of mandible - quadrilateral shape with angle of mandible at bottom

28
Q

What is the Pterion and what is its clinical significance?

A
  • region where frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones join together
  • very thin and dangerous if fractured as the middle meningeal artery and its branches are just underneath
  • rupture of MMA can cause blood accumulation between skull and dura mater causing an extradural haematoma
29
Q

What does the middle meningeal artery supply?

A

The dura mater and the calvaria

30
Q

What connects the parietal bones to the occipital bone?

A

lambdoid suture

31
Q

What are the occipital condyles?

A

two protrusions that sit on top of our first cervical vertebrae

32
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Large membranous areas between bones that are not yet fused in skulls of new borns

33
Q

Why are bones in the skull of new borns not yet fused?

A

to accommodate for post-natal brain growth and allow birth through the birth canal

34
Q

How is the cranial cavity divided?

A

into 3 regions:

  1. anterior cranial fossa
  2. middle cranial fossa
  3. posterior cranial fossa
35
Q

What separates the anterior and middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid ridges

36
Q

What divides the middle and posterior cranial fossa?

A

petrous temporal bone (roughened area of temporal bone)

37
Q

In what cranial fossa is the brainstem and cerebellum found?

A

posterior cranial fossa

38
Q

What is the name of the process arising from the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, projecting into the anterior cranial fossa

A

crista Galli of the ethmoid bone

39
Q

Where is the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone found?

A

between anterior cranial fossa and nasal cavity

40
Q

In which bone is the optic canal?

A

two foramina in the spehnoid bone

41
Q

Which 3 foramen are found on the floor of the skull?

A

ROS

  1. rotundum foramen
  2. ovale foramen
  3. spinosum foramen
42
Q

Which foramen is covered by a layer of cartilage in living humans?

A

foramen lacerum

43
Q

Name all the foramina in the floor of the skull

A
  1. rotundum foramen
  2. ovale foramen
  3. spinosum foramen
  4. foramen lacerum
  5. jugular foramen
  6. foramen magnum - big
  7. hypoglossal canal
  8. pituitary fossa
  9. internal auditory meatus
  10. superior orbital fissure
  11. optic canal
44
Q

Where is the jugular foramen?

A

large foramen between the petrous temporal bone and occipital bone

45
Q

where is the hypoglossal canal?

A

tucked under the occipital condyles

46
Q

what travels through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone?

A

Cranial nerve I - olfactory nerve

47
Q

what travels through the optic canal?

A

CN II - Optic nerve

48
Q

what travels through the superior orbital fissure?

A
  • CN III - Oculomotor nerve
  • CN IV - Trochlear nerve
  • 1st division of CN V (trigeminal nerve) - ophthalmic branch
  • CN VI - Abducens nerve
49
Q

what travels through the foramen rotundum

A

maxillary branch - 2nd branch of the trigeminal nerve

50
Q

What travels through the foramen ovale?

A

3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

51
Q

What travels through the foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery

52
Q

What travels through the internal auditory meatus?

A
  • CN VII (facial nerve)

- CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve)

53
Q

What travels through the jugular foramen?

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
  • CN XI (accessory)
54
Q

What travels through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)

55
Q

What travels through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord

56
Q

What is the hard palate formed from?

A
  • horizontal process of the maxilla

- palatine bones

57
Q

What travels through the carotid canal?

A

internal carotid artery

C&M Neuroanatomy (44 decks)

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