Week 7 SDL and Practical: Forebrain, ventricles and CSF Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forebrain/cerebrum made up of?

A

cerebral hemispheres and the diencephalon

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2
Q

What are the four components of the diencephalon?

A
  • epithalamus
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • subthalamus
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3
Q

How might a patient with a tumour of the pituitary gland present?

A

symptoms will reflect excess hormone production

bitemporal hemianopia, ‘tunnel vision’, galacorrhea, gynecomastia, amenorrhea, infertility, gigantism, acromegaly

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4
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex?

A

surrounds the calcarine sulcus and extends to the tip of the occipital pole

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5
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex and which artery supplies it?

A

superior temporal lobe and is supplied by the MCA

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6
Q

What forms the limbic lobe?

A

the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus –> can only be appreciated in the medial surface of the brain

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7
Q

Which modalities do the primary motor and primary sensory cortex contain?

A

primary motor cortex - production of skilled movements

primary sensory cortex - touch, proprioception, pain and temperature

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8
Q

What are the components of the basal ganglia:

A
  • caudate nucleus
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
  • substantia nigra
  • subthalamic nucleus
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9
Q

What is the corpus striatum?

A
  • subcortical basal ganglia of the forebrain
  • part of the basal ganglia - just lateral to the thalamus
  • controls cognition, reward, coordinated movements
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10
Q

What is the major function of the basal ganglia?

A

responsible primarily for motor control, as well as other roles such as motor learning, executive functions and behaviours, and emotions

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11
Q

What do association fibres do?

A

connect cortical areas within the same cerebral hemisphere e.g short association fibres connect the pre and post central gyrus

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12
Q

What do commissural fibres do?

A

interconnect areas between hemispheres e.g corpus callosum, anterior commissure

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13
Q

What do projection fibres do?

A

interconnect cerebrum with rest of CNS (lower parts of brain and spinal cord) e.g corona radiate, internal capsule, corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract

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14
Q

What is the major commissure of the brain?

A

the corpus callosum is the largest commissural tract in the human brain

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15
Q

What is the ventricular system of the brain derived from?

A

the central canal of the embryonic neural tube

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16
Q

In what region of the brain is:

  1. third ventricle
  2. cerebral aqueduct
  3. fourth ventricle
A
  1. diencephalon
  2. midbrain
  3. pons
17
Q

Where is the insula?

A

between the depths of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

18
Q

Which sensory cortex extends into the insula?

A

primary taste cortex

19
Q

What connects the two thalami?

A

by interthalamic adhesion

20
Q

Which is more medial: putamen or globus pallidus

A

globus pallidus

21
Q

where is the amygdala?

A

sits in the temporal lobe anterior to the hippocampus - almond shaped nucleus

22
Q

A patient exhibits a variety of behavioural and language problems such as failure to inhibit responses that are socially inappropriate. Such an individual is most likely to suffer from dementia involving the:

A

pre frontal cortex as important cognitive functions and inhibits inappropriate behaviours

23
Q

Where is brocas area and what is its function?

A

inferior frontal gyrus

this is because this is where brocas area is - responsible for motor component of speech

24
Q

What structures does the pituitary stalk connect?

A

the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

25
Q

If a patient has suddenly lost all forms of sensation of the body, where is the likely lesion?

A

right lateral thalamus –> all sensory except olfaction. sensory fibres go to the VPL

26
Q

where is the septum pellucidum

A

from the inferior aspect of the corpus callosum toward the fornix –> hypothalamus inferior
membrane that seperates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricle

27
Q

Which arteries supply the caudate nucleus, putamen and internal capsule?

A

striate arteries

28
Q

What is archoid fasciculus?

A

bundle of association fibres that connect wernicke’s area to brocas area