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ADN002 MED SURG > Week 1 Lecture Integ > Flashcards

Week 1 Lecture Integ Flashcards

1
Q

Largest organ of the body is the

A

SKIN

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2
Q

Name the functions of skin

A

Protection
Sensation
Fluid Balance
Temperature regulation
Vitamin D production
Immune Response
Absorption
Elimination
Psychosocial

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3
Q

Keratine forms a barrier protecting internal organs from the environment. This is example of

A

Protection

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4
Q

CNS=

A

Touch, pressure, and temperature

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5
Q

ANS =

A

Blood vessel, sweat and oil glands.

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6
Q

Fluid Balance

A

Sweat through skin loss of H20 and NA+, poor skin turgor indicates dehydration

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7
Q

Temperature is regulated by

A

Convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation

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8
Q

Hypothalamus is responsible for

A

Sweat and goosebumps

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9
Q

Synthesis of cholecalferol in skin from cholesterol is dependent on UV radiation

A

Vitamin D

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10
Q

UVB Radiation is need from sunlight for about

A

5-20 min
Darker skin= More time
Food sources= salmon, sardines, tuna eel, mushrooms, and eggs

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11
Q

Name the cells of immune response

A

Langerhans cells
Macrophages
T lymphocytes
Cytokines
Leukocytes
Mast Cells

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12
Q

Absorption

A

Meds
topical
creams lotions
ID- TB tests, allergy tests

Sub Q- Insulin, lovenox, epi,

Tanning- melanin

Elimination- Eccrine Seat glands

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13
Q

Excessive sun exposure can cause

A

Hyperpigmentation

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14
Q

Epidermis

A

Several Layers of stratified squamous epithelium

Basal Layer- Innermost layer

Basal cells are constantly being pushed up, moving older cells to the surface

Melanocytes give color to skin- melanin

Squamous layer is the outermost layer

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15
Q

Importance of Normal Flora

A

Constitute a protective host defense mechanism by occupying ecological niches

Normal Bacteria living in harmony

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16
Q

Dermis

A

Connective Tissue Layer

Contains:

Blood and lymph vessels
Nerves and nerve endings
glands
Hair follicles

Network of elastic and collagen fibers gives skin elasticity and toughness

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17
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

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18
Q

Name Normal Aging Changes

A

Thinning of skin ( Atrophy)
Uneven Pigmentation
Wrinkling, skin folds, and decreased elasticity
Dry Skin
Diminished Hair
Increased fragility
Reduce Healing ability
Decreased Collagen
Decreased Skin Turgor- Tenting

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19
Q

Assessment of Skin

A

Preparation of the pt.: explain the purpose, provide privacy, and coverings

Assessment Questions

Inspect entire body, including mucosa ( mouth and eyes) scalp, hair, and nails, between fingers and toes, heels, behind ears, coccyx region, and under skin folds

Photographs must be taken of all pressure wounds

If abnormal tell the pt

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20
Q

Assessment of the Skin

A

Wear gloves as appropriate

Wounds and lesions may require measurements

Photographs may be used to document nature and extent conditions and to document progress resulting from treatment. Photographs to track moles.

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21
Q

Erythema

A

Redness

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22
Q

Rash

A

Irritated or swollen skin

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23
Q

Cyanosis

A

Deoxygenation; peripheral - fingers and toes

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24
Q

Jaundice

A

Liver disease that involves the sclera

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25
Vitamin A
Beta Carotene Toxicity Carrots, sweet potatoes, kale, and spinach - stored in adipose tissue
26
Pruritus
Itching
27
Central Central
Diminished arterial oxygen saturation On Skin and Mucous Membranes, tongue, lips, cheeks, etc Clubbing and polycythemia Warm Cyanosis Remains Cyanosis decreases with breathing problems
28
Peripheral
Diminished flow of blood to the local part On Skin only Not associated Cold Cyanosis abolished Cyanosis persists
29
Macule
Primary Circular, flat discoloration- red, brown, blue Mongolian Spot or hypopigmented
30
Hypopigmented Diseases
Epstein Barr virus, syphilis, HIV, German Measles, and rubella
31
Papule
Primary Raised Skin greater than 0.5 cm Solid skin color, red, white, impacted oil gland
32
Plaque
Primary Raised skin greater than 1 cm Solid and flat Psoriasis
33
Bulla
Primary Raised skin greater than 1 cm filled with serous or sero purulent fluid 2nd Degree burn
34
Vesicle
Primary raised skin less than 1 cm filled with serous fluid chicken pox
35
Wheal
Primary Irregular round shaped, pallor in middle Hives and allergic reaction Uritcaria caused by cellular substance Histamine
36
Nodule
Primary Raised 1 cm extends to the Dermis irregular growth of skin cells may be tumorous
37
Cyst
Primary Sac filled with fluid, blood, serous, purulent, or gas Abscess, ganglion cyst, ovarian cyst, vartholin cyst
38
Atrophy
Secondary Thinning of skin, appears shinier or translucent arterial insuffiency Erosion - Loss of epidermis or vesicle
39
Ulcer
Secondary Loss of epidermis and dermis layer Venous Stasis, diabetes, pressure
40
Fissure
Secondary Linear opening in the epidermis, skin splits dry skin, cracking- heel fissures
41
Crust
Secondary Dry blood over damaged skin Scabbing
42
Erosion
Secondary Loss of epidermis aftered ruptured bulla or vesicle
43
Scar
Secondary Thick fibrous tissue replacing damaged dermis, white, pink, red - healed wound
44
Keloid
Secondary Raised Scar
45
Lichenfication
Secondary Thickened or roughened skin rubbing, scratching- Eczema, chronic dermatitis
46
Scales
Accumulation of dead skin cells ichthyosis vulgaris- fish scale disease
47
Vascular Skin Lesions
Petechiae- Red or purple spots, minor bleeding into the skin- broken capillary vessels, use of the blood pressure cuff Purpura- Purple colored spots, damaged blood vessels, and blood pooling Thrombocytopenic Purpura- Low Platelets
48
Spider Angioma
Swollen Blood Vessels in the epidermis Contains central red spot Vascular lesion of dilation of end vasculature found just beneath the skin surface Lesion contain a central red spot and extends out like a spider's web
49
Cherry Angioma
Collection of small blood Vessels Also Known as senile angioma or Campbell de Morgan Spot
50
Telangiectasia
Venous star Dilated veins due to increased IV pressure
51
Varicose Veins
Enlarged Swollen and twisting superficial veins that are seen just beneath the skin , often appearing blue or dark Happen when faulty valves in the vein allow blood to flow in the wrong direction or to pool
52
What is Lichen Planus?
Autoimmune Disease that affects the skin Treat with Corticosteroids - Prednisone Immunosuppressive Drugs - Cyclosporine Antihistamines- Hydroxyzine
53
What is Tinea Corpis ?
Ringworm Annular and arciform circular or arcing Treat with topical miconazole
54
What is Herpes Simplex?
Grouped clustered contagious sores Treat with acyclovir and prednisone
55
Herpes Simplex can cause?
Bells Palsy Facial symptoms mimic a stroke Speech and swallowing may be altered Eye of affected side may need a patch Bells Palsy deficits may be permanent or may improve
56
Varicella Chicken Pox
Cause d by Varicella Zoster virus Blister rash, itching, tiredness, and fever
57
Chicken Pox can be prevented by
Vaccine Varicella Zoster
58
Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms
Pain Relievers Anti Itch Colloidal Oatmeal High risk groups may receive antiviral medications
59
Herpes Zoster also known as
Shingles Linear along a nerve route - C Zosertiform Treat with acyclovir and prednisone Can Cause Bell's Palsy
60
Scabies
Found between the fingers and wrists Also found top of back, elbows, buttocks, armpits, abd, knees, and perineal area. Treat with insecticide- Permethrin Topical
61
Varicella
Treat with acyclovir and antihistamines Blister like rash
62
EGR is
Erythema Gyratum Repens Systemic Lupus Erythematous Treat with Immunosuppressive Hydrochloroquine used to treat with malaria
63
Bulls Eye shape lesion is known as
Lyme Disease Treat with topical steroids
64
SJS
Steven Johnson Syndrome S/S fever, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads blisters on your skin and the mucous membranes of your mouth, nose, and genitals Skin sheds within days
65
Cases of SJS and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Caused by a reaction to a drug Most often Sulfa and Antibiotics, anticonvulsants, Allopurinol and piroxicam
66
TEN
Widespread of erythema, necrosis, and bullous detachment of the epidermis and mucous membranes resulting in exfoliation and possible death.
67
SJS and TEN
SJS - SKin surface less than 10% TEN- skin surface greater than 30% 15- 30 overlap between the two
68
Psoriasis
Polycyclic Lesions Treat with corticosteroids and NSAIDS Immunosuppressive ENBREL
69
Uritcaria
Confluent- merged Kawasaki Disease Strawberry Tongue Treat with NSAID Immunoglobulin
70
Coxsackivirus
Hand Foot Mouth Manage Symptoms NSAID Virus infections present as a rash
71
Parasites
Shave the head or excessive heat kills eggs Treat with permethrin shampoo
72
Tinea Pedis
Athletes foot Treat with antifungal Clotrimazole
73
Onychomycosis
Treat with antifungal Lamisil
74
CHronic low levels of oxygen in the blood is
Hypoxemia
75
Nail Clubbing
Low levels of O2 high levels of CO2.
76
Candida Albicans
Oral thrush Treat with Fluconazole Oral Nystatin Why is it common after broad scope antibiotics? Healthy bacteria killed off that control the yeast.
77
Staphylococcus Aureus
Causes MRSA Treat with Bactrim DS Clindamycin Doxycycline Vancomycin Pustules may occur
78
VRE
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Treat with Doxycycline Chloramphenicol Rifampin High Dose Ampicillin Nitrofurantoin Linezolid Unasyn
79
What are common sites for contact dermatitis ?
Bottom heel Middle of top foot Above eyebrow Cheek below the eye
80
Seborrheic Dermatitis Common Sites
Top Chest Middle of the abdomen Peri area Top of Back Lower back
81
Acne
Face to Chest Top back to middle back Shoulder to middle of elbow
82
Common Sites for scabies
Armpit area Wrists Peri Area Line across abd umbilicus
83
Herpes Zoster
Upper face Alternates opposite shoulder Striations across sides lateral lateral striations on the legs
84
Skin Biopsy detects what
Cancer
85
Immunofluorescence
Detect Antibodies
86
Patch Testing's
Allergies
87
Skin Scrapings
Collect Skin Cells
88
Tzanck Smear
Blistering Skin Conditions example Pemphius Vulgaris Autoimmune Disorder
89
Woods Light Examination
Black light illuminates bacteria and fungus
90
Dermatologic Therapy
Applied topically to skin, mucous membranes for LOCAL effect When Systemic absorption is undesirable Purposes: Improve barrier function, soften, remove scaly lesions Alter skin inflammation, blood flow Exert antimicrobial effects, affect proliferating cells
91
Name the Types of Dermatologic Drugs
Antimicrobials Antibiotics Antifungals Antivirals Antiseptics Corticosteroids Immunosuppressants Emollients and Moisturizers Enzymes Keratolytic Retinoids
92
Name the forms of Dermatologic Therapies
Topical Transdermal Creams Lotions Suspensions Powders Gels Pastes Ointment Sprays Surgical Systemic Oral and Intravenous
93
Goals of Dermatologic Therapy
Relieve Symptoms Eradicate or improve lesions Promote healing and repair Restore Skin Integrity Prevent Recurrence Specific Goals depend on the condition being treated
94
Prevention
Aware of environment Sunscreens Lotions Good Hygiene Good nutrition Mobility Proper Hydration Handwashing Strong Immune System
95
Nursing Diagnosis
Acute Pain Impaired Skin Integrity Disturbed Body Image Deficient Fluid Volume Deficient Knowledge
96
Superficial Vs Deep Laceration
Superficial- Outside of skin Deep Laceration inside the body and tissue
97
Avulsion
Action of pulling or tearing away.
98
How to bring a wound together
Stitches Steri Strips Staples
99
Bacitracin
Bacteriostatic ointment commonly applied to closed wounds as these decrease bacterial growth on skin around wound area.
100
Abrasion
Falls against rough surface
101
Puncture
Nails, GSW, and stabbing
102
Excoriation
From scratching
103
Shearing Forces
Poor skin integrity. Older adults
104
Types of Burns
1st Degree 2nd Degree 3rd Degree
105

ADN002 MED SURG (18 decks)

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