Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 9 > Week 1 Old > Flashcards

Week 1 Old Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diseases associated with HT

A

Atherosclerosis

Hypertensive heart disease

Multi-infract dementia

Aortic dissection

Renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is it?

A

Hyaline arteriolosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is that

A

Hyoerplastic Artheriosclerosis

proliferation of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Development of artherosclerotic plaque (image)

Hypothesis?

A

Response to injury

  • Endothelial injury
  • Lipoprotein accumulation
  • Monocyte adhesion and formation of foam cells
  • Platelet adhesion
  • Smooth muscle cell recruitment
  • Smooth muscle cell proliferation and ECM production
  • Lipid accumulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Structure of atherosclerotic plaque

A

Neroctic center

Fibrous cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main cause of ischemica heart disease

A

90%+ obsutructive atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Acute conornary syndromes

A

Angina pectoris (not yet level of infraction) - stable/unstable

MI

Chronic IHD with HF

Sudden cardiac death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of MI without coronoary vascular path

A

Vasospasm - cocaine, platelet aggregation

Emboli - AF, vegetation from inefective endocarditis,

Vasculitis, ssc, amyloid, vascular dissection, shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Direction of MI

A

Endocardium otwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of IHD

A

Transmural infraction - necrossi of full thickness - chonic atherosclerosis, actue plaque change - ST elevation

Subendocardial infraction - 1/3-1/2 of ventricular wall - reduction of flow - Non-ST infracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac markers

A

Myoglobin

CK-MB (sensitive)

Troponin (sensitive/specifci)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes of HF

A

Valve disease

Hypertension

IHD w/ MI

Fluid overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calcific aortic stenosis

Cause

Age

A

Wear and tear

7-9th decade, 5th–7th decade inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mitrial annular calcification

What is it

A

Calcification in the peripheral fibrous ring

Does not affect valvular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mitrial valve prolapse

sound

A

midystolic click

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When aschoff bodies are presetn

Components of aschoff bodies

A

Acutre rheymatic heart disease

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, antischkow cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is only casue of mitrial stensosi

A

Chronic rheumatic fever (no aschoff bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inefective endocarditis

What i it

Diagnosis

Acute?

Subacute?

A

Colonization or invasion of the heart vales or mural endocardium by a microbe

Duke criteria

Previously normal by highly virulent, necrotizing, ulcerative, desturctive, difficult to treat with antiboitics

Deformed valves, less destructive, cure with antibitocs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Difficerence betwen non-baceterial thrombotic endocarditis and Libman-Sacks endocarditis?

A

No necrossi in non-bacterial thrombic endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non-bacterial thrombic endocarditis

A

Deposition of sterile thrombi on the cardiac valves

Not invasive or inflammed

Associateed with cancer, sepsis, or hypercoagulable state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Libman-Sacks disease

disease

deposition material

inflamation

A

SLE

finely granular, fibrinous eosinophilic materail with hematoxylin bodies

valvulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cardiomyopathy types

A

Dilated - dilation and contraction dysfunction

Hypertorphic - problem with diastolic filling and outflow obstruction

Restrictive - ventricular compliance and impared filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Symptoms of vasculitis

A

Organ ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Large:Temporal (Giant Cell) Artheritis

Population

Location - Symptoms

Dissetion

Treatment

A

Most common in adults, females usually

Branches of carotid (headache, ophatalmic, jaw claudication, flu like symptoms, esr elevated)

Granulomatous vasculitis

Corticosteroids (high risk of blindness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Large: Takayasu Arteritis Population Location Treatment What is elevated
\<50 yo Aortic arch at ranch points (visual, neurologic, upper extremity weakness) Corticosteroids ESR
26
Medium: Polyarteritis Nodosa characteristics / presentation serum antigen assocaited often final result
Necrotizing vasculitis involving most organs but spare lungs HBsAg Multiple nodes of tissue "string-of-pearls" inflamation/fibrous tissue
27
Medium: Kawasaki Disease population presentation location treatment
Asian children \<4 yo Fever, conjuctivitis, erythematous rash of palsma and soels, enlarged lymph nodes Coronary artery -\> thrombois and MI or aneurysm Aspirin and IVIG
28
Buerger Disease location presentation association cause
Digits Ulceration, gangrene, and autoamputation of fibers and toes Raynaud Smoking
29
Small Vessels: Wegener Granulomatosislocation "c" serum treatment
Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis involving nasopharynx, lung, and kidneys c-ANCA cyclophosphamide
30
Small Vessels: Microscopinc Polyangiitis location dx from WG serum
Multiple organs esp kidney and lungs WG but nasopharyngeal involvement and granulomas are absent p-ANCA
31
Small Vessels: Churg-Strauss Syndrom characteristic dx MP serum
Necrotizing granulomatous vaculitins with eosinophils involving esp lungs and heart **Asthma**, peripheral **eosinophilia**, granulomatous p-ANCA
32
Small Vessels: HSP Henoch-Schönlein Purpura cause population presetnation treatment
Most common vasculitis in kids Deposition of IgA Palpabalbe purpura on buttocks and legs, GI pain and bleed, hematuria (IgA nephropathy), URTI Steroid if severe (sel limited)
33
Causes of stenosis
Atherosclerosis (elderly) Fibromuscular dysplasia (young females)
34
Results of stenosis of medium-sized vessels
PVD (popliteal) Angina (coronary) Ischemic bowel disease (mesenteric)
35
Aortic Dissection Association
Intimal tear with dissection of blood through media aortic, HTN, pre-exisitng weakness of media
36
Hemangioma population locations
Benign tumor of blood vessles birth often regress during childhood skin/liver
37
Angiosarcome exposure to location
Malignant proliferation of endothelial cells PVC, arsentic skin, breat, liver
38
Karposit Sarcome association Presentation
Proliferation of endothelial cells HHV8 Purple patches, plauqes, nodules on skin
39
Berry aneurysm location population
cerebral vessels congential
40
Causes for true and false aneurysm
Artherosclerotic, syphilitic, congetinal, venctricular following transumarl infration Ventricular rupture with pericardial adhesion
41
Results of aneurysm abdominal thoracic
Rupture with fatal hemorrhage, Obstruction of branch vessel, Ebolism from artheroma or mural thrombus, Impingement on adjacent structure
42
DeBakey types
Aortic aneurysm A I - both A II - ascending B III descending
43
MPO-ANCA / PR3-ANCA
Anti-myeloperoxidae / Antiprotease p-anca / c-anca lysosomal granule constituaent / neutrophic azurophilic granule constituent microscoping polyangiitis, churg-strauss / wegener
44
Primary vs. Secondary Raynaud
Exaggeration of the central and local vasomotor responses to cold or emotional stress SLE, scleroderma, buerger, artherosclerosis
45
Thrombophlebitis
Venous thrombosis and inflammation
46
Examples of reight to left shunts
Poorly oxygenated vencous blood mixed with systemic arterial blood Tetralogy of Fallot Transpositon of great vessels Persistent truncus arteriossu Tricuspid atresia Anomalous pulomuyar venous connection Paradoxical embolism
47
Examples of left to right shuts
High to low pressure
48
Stable vs. unstable angina
At rest / at exertion
49
Prinzmental angina EKG
Coronary vasospasm unrelated to exersion Segment elevation
50
Side effects of treatment of MI
Contraction band necrosis (Ca coming back causing contraction) Reperfusion injury (O2 damange)
51
VSD association
Most common septal defect
52
PDA association murmur progression treatment
rubella machine-like murmur holosystolic Eisnemenger syndrome in lower extremityies Indomethicin
53
Tetralogy of Fallot patient response x-ray
squat -- allows increase arterial vascular resistance decreases shunting -- more blood to lungs boot shape on x-ray
54
Tricuspid atresia what is it result association presentation
Tricuspid valve orifice fails to develop Right ventricle hypoplastic ASD cyanosis
55
Coarctation of aorta types infantile
adult / infantile infantile - associated with PDA, lower extremity , distal to arch but promixal to PDA adult - distal to arotic arch, HT in upper extremities, and hypothenison in lower extremitites, development of additional routes of circulation, notching of ribs
56
Disease associate with mitrial valve stenosis
RF
57
Aortic stenosis acuse
Wear and tear (present in late adulthood)
58
Hallmarks of aortic stenosis
Creshendo-decresentdo Prolonged asymptomatic systolic ejection click
59
Complications of aortic stenosis
Angina and syncope with exercise Ventricular hypertrophy
60
Most common cause of aortic regruditation murmur pulse pressure clinical features
Dilatation of aortic root e.g. symphilis early blowing diastolic murmur hyperdynamic circulation increase in SBP and decrease in DBP LV dilation and eccentric hypertrophy
61
Mitrial proplapse clinical features complication
Mid-systolic click Mitrial valve regrugitation
62
Mitrial valve regruditation clinical features what makes murmur louder
Holosystolic "blowing" murmur squatting and inspiration
63
Acute vs. Chronic RF on mitrial valve
Acture = regrugitation Chronic - stenosis
64
Mitrial stenosis sound complication
Openining snap followed by diastolic rumble dilatation of LA -\> pulmonary congestion, pulmonary HTN, atrial fibrillation
65
S. viridance casues requirement result
Endocarditis Damaged valve Not destruction -- small thrombotic plaques
66
S bovis association with endocarditis
Colorectal carcinoma
67
Nonbacterail thrombotic endocarditis cause result
Sterile vegetation due to hypercoagulable states or adenocarcinoma Mitrial valve regurgitation
68
What casues deposition of both sides of the valve
LSE
69
70
Complication (valve) of dilated cardiomyopathy
mitrial/tricuspid regrugitation & arrythmia
71
Genetic cause for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Sarcomere proteins AD
72
Myocytes disarray
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
73
Myxoma what is it most common primary cardiac tumor in results
Mesenchymal proliferation with gelatinous appearance adults syncopy due to obstruction of mitrial valve (pedunculated mass in LA)
74
Rhabdomyoma Most common primary cardiac tumor in what is it associated with
children Benign hamartoma tuberous sclerosis

Block 9 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions