week 1- organelles and primary tissues

Question 1

what do all cells have?

Answer 1

• plasma membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Question 2

what does the cytoplasm contain?

Answer 2

cellular organelles, dissolved proteins and nutrients

Question 3

what is the cytoplasm composed of?

Answer 3

cytosol or intracellular fluid

Question 4

what does the nucleus store?

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

what does DNA contain?

Answer 5

instructions for the cell in particular protein synthesis

Question 6

what are ribosomes the site of?

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

what is the function of free ribosomes?

Answer 7

float in cytosol they produce proteins for use inside the cell

Question 8

what is the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

interconnected tubes continuous with the nuclear envelop

Question 9

what are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

• synthesis
• storage
• transport
• detoxification

Question 10

what happens to proteins produced by ribosomes on the RER?

Answer 10

are packaged and exported out of the cell

Question 11

are ribosomes attached to the Smooth ER?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

what is the smooth er responsible for?

Answer 12

• synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid based hormones
• detoxification
• storage of calcium ions

Question 13

what does the golgi apparatus consist of?

Answer 13

stacks of flattened sacs

Question 14

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

modify, concentrate and package proteins/lipids

Question 15

what are the steps taken by the golgi apparatus after vesicles are formed in order to export?

Answer 15

forms vesicles and distributes them:

1. within the cell
2. move and become inserted in membrane
3. move to membrane for the content to be exported out of cell by exocytosis

Question 16

where are enzymes in the mitochondria found?

Answer 16

surface of inner membrane

Question 17

what is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 17

cellular respiration, which releases energy for cellular functions in form of ATP

Question 18

what enzymes does lysosomes contain?

Answer 18

lysosomal enzymes

Question 19

what are the functions of lysosomes?

Answer 19

• digest biological material including cell debris
• dispose of invading bacteria
• recycle material that has been broken down

Question 20

what are the 3 types of cytoskeleton?

Answer 20

• microfilament
• intermediate filaments
• microtubules

Question 21

what is microfilaments?

Answer 21

thinnest of cytoskeleton, made up of a protein called actin that contracts of cell movement

Question 22

what is intermediate filaments?

Answer 22

located in between the other 2 types and involved in resisting the pulling forces on the cell

Question 23

what is microtubules?

Answer 23

largest of cytoskeleton. Maintains cell shape and distribution of cellular organelles

Question 24

what are two types of cellular extensions?

Answer 24

• flagellum

- microvilli

Question 25

what is flagellum?

Answer 25

a single, long tail found on bacteria and sperm, it whips back and forth to move sperm along

Question 26

what is microvilli?

Answer 26

minute fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane that projects from cell surface

Question 27

what is the function on microvilli?

Answer 27

increase surface area of cell

Question 28

what is muscle tissue composed of?

Answer 28

muscle cells that contain contractile microfilaments

Question 29

what are the three types of muscle?

Answer 29

- skeletal - cardiac - smooth

Question 30

what is skeletal muscle?

Answer 30

is voluntary

Question 31

what is cardiac muscle?

Answer 31

is involuntary and found in heart

Question 32

what is smooth muscle?

Answer 32

involuntary and found in blood vessels, gut, bladder and uterus

Question 33

what is epithelial tissue?

Answer 33

a sheet of cells that can: cover body, line internal organs and form glands. Anything exposed to external enviro is covered to form boundaries

Question 34

is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?

Answer 34

avascular

Question 35

what are some structural adaptions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 35

cilia and microvilli

Question 36

what is cilia?

Answer 36

hairlike extensions to propel substances

Question 37

what is microvilli?

Answer 37

fingerlike extensions to increase surface area

Question 38

a single layer of epithelial tissue is classified as?

Answer 38

simple

Question 39

multiple layers of epithelial tissue is classified as?

Answer 39

stratified

Question 40

what is the function of simple epithelial cells?

Answer 40

absorption, secretion, filtration

Question 41

what is the function of stratified epithelial cells?

Answer 41

protection

Question 42

what are the types of epithelial cell shapes?

Answer 42

cuboid, squamous, columnar

Question 43

what are some functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 43

protection, absorption, excretion, secretion

Question 44

what are the four classes on connective tissue?

Answer 44

- CT proper, loose and dense - cartilage - bone tissue - blood

Question 45

what are characteristics of all connective tissue?

Answer 45

- specialised cells - ground substance - extracellular protein fibres

Question 46

what is ground substance?

Answer 46

unstructured material that fills space between cells and contains fibres

Question 47

what are types of extracellular fibres in the extracellular matrix?

Answer 47

collagen, elastic and reticular fibres

Question 48

what does connective tissue proper contain?

Answer 48

fibroblasts and fibrocytes

Question 49

what is loose connective tissue characterised by?

Answer 49

by loose arrangements of fibres and large amounts of ground substance

Question 50

what is dense connective tissue characterised by?

Answer 50

by closely packed bundles of fibres with little ground substances and poorly vascularised

Question 51

what are the functions of connective tissue proper?

Answer 51

support, binding, storage and insulation

Question 52

what are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 52

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

Question 53

what does cartilage contain?

Answer 53

chondroblasts and chondrocytes

Question 54

does cartilage lack nerve fibres?

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

is cartilage vascular?

Answer 55

no it is avascular

Question 56

what are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 56

support and absorb compression

Question 57

what does bone consist of?

Answer 57

abundant collagen fibres

Question 58

what does bone contain?

Answer 58

osteoblasts

Question 59

what do osteoblasts produce?

Answer 59

organic portion of matrix

Question 60

does bone contain vessels and nerve fibres?

Answer 60

yes

Question 61

what is the function of bone?

Answer 61

support, protection and storage

Question 62

what does blood contain?

Answer 62

erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC) and platelets

Question 63

what is the function of blood?

Answer 63

transport substances