week 10 Flashcards
mental health
Mental health seen as positive emotion, personality trait (self-esteem, mastery), and resilience.
WHO (2004) defines it as a state of well-being, including the ability to cope with stress and contribute to the community.
Emphasizes mental health is beyond the absence of mental illness.
mental health as complete state
presence of mental illness does not imply the absence of mental health
absence of mental illness does not imply the presence of mental health
subjective wellbeing
Well-being measured by how people perceive their lives.
Subjective standpoint considered in well-being assessment.
Tripartite model of subjective well-being includes cognitive evaluations like life satisfaction and frequent positive affect.
cognitive component
Cognitive reflective judgement- an inividuals judgement that their life is going well aka life satisfaction
affective component
Well-being linked to daily emotional experiences (positive and negative).
Influencing factors (dinner and Ryan 2009): Basic and psychological needs, personality, demographics.
swb and personality
Personality, notably stable and heritable, plays a vital role in subjective well-being (SWB) (Lucas & Diener, 2009).
Evidence: SWB moderately heritable (40-50%), stable over time, and correlates more strongly with personality traits than with demographics or life circumstances
mental illness
Clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior, often causing distress or impairment in functioning (WHO, 2022).
prevalence of mental disorders
2019: 1 in 8 people worldwide (970 million) had a mental disorder.
World Health Organization’s Mental Health Survey (Kessler et al., 2007): Assessed anxiety, mood, impulse control, and substance use disorders in 17 countries (N-85,000).
Onset and prevalence of individual disorders vary significantly.
classification systems
Mental disorders diagnosed using DSM-5 and ICD-10/ICD-11.
categorical model of diagnosis
DSM and ICD use diagnostic criteria for mental disorders, including symptoms, severity, onset, stability, and impact on functioning.
Follows an “all or nothing” principle – an individual either has or does not have a disorder.
criteria for personality disorders
Enduring, maladaptive patterns of behavior and cognition deviate significantly from norms.
Patterns are inflexible, causing distress or impairment in functioning.
Stability and traceability to adolescence or early childhood.
Exclusion of other mental/comorbid disorders and alternative causes like substance use or medical conditions.
criteria for narcissistic personality disorder
Grandiosity and self-importance.
Fantasy of unlimited success or power.
Unique and special, associates with high-status individuals.
Requires excessive admiration.
Sense of entitlement.
Interpersonally exploitative.
Lack of empathy.
Envious of others.
Arrogant or haughty behaviors/attitudes.
criteria for bpd
Fear of abandonment.
Unstable relationships and self-image.
Stress-related paranoia.
Anger regulation issues.
Persistent feelings of sadness.
Self-injury, suicidal thoughts, or behavior.
Frequent mood swings.
Impulsive behaviors like unsafe sex, reckless driving, binge eating, substance abuse, or excessive spending.
what causes mental disorders?
Aetiology models vary for each disorder.
Diathesis-stress model suggests mental disorders result from the interaction between inherent vulnerability and environmental stressors.
Greater vulnerability requires less stress to trigger disorder development.
Applies to understanding the impact of factors like Covid on mental health (Hossain et al., 2020).
intelligence-mental disorder links
Debates causation: Does low intelligence cause disorders or vice versa?
Intelligence is a risk/protective factor:
Early adulthood intelligence predicts mental disorder hospitalization (Gale et al., 2010).
High childhood intelligence lowers risk for schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer’s (Dickson et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2011; Anderson et al., 2020).
