Week 10

Question 1

substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destory other microorganisms are called

Answer 1

antibiotics

Question 2

antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types are termed

Answer 2

broad-spectrum drugs

Question 3

broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body’s normal flora often cause

Answer 3

superinfections

Question 4

penicillins and cephalosporins

Answer 4

interfere with cell wall synthesis

Question 5

important characteristics of antimicrobic drugs include

Answer 5

readily delivered to the site of infection, high toxicity against microbial cells, do not cause serious side effect in humans, remains active in body tissues and fluids

Question 6

sulfonamides

Answer 6

are metabolic analogs and block folic acid synthesis

Question 7

which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 7

polymixins

Question 8

which of the following antimicrobial drugs has the broadest spectrum of activity

Answer 8

azoles

Question 9

this drug is used to treat Mycobacteria

Answer 9

isoniazid

Question 10

the drug used for several protozoan infections is

Answer 10

metronidazole

Question 11

there are fewer antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antihelminith drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because these organisms

Answer 11

Are so similar to human cells that selective drug toxicity is difficult to achieve

Question 12

which of the following is not a mode of action of an antiviral?

Answer 12

bond to ergosterol in the cell membrane

Question 13

antivirals that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat

Answer 13

HIV

Question 14

side effects that occur in patient tissues while they are on antimicrobic drugs include all the following except:

Answer 14

development of resistance to the drug

Question 15

all infectious diseases

Answer 15

are caused by microorganisms or their product

Question 16

endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

Answer 16

the patient’s own normal flora

Question 17

the human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora

Answer 17

during, and immediately after birth

Question 18

the stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity is

Answer 18

period of invasion

Question 19

the time from when pathogen enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the

Answer 19

incubation period

Question 20

the body site with resident flora that produces beneficial body products, including vitamin K and several other vitamins is the

Answer 20

Large intestine

Question 21

the subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed

Answer 21

symptoms

Question 22

the study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population is

Answer 22

epidemiology

Question 23

a disease that has a steady frequency over time in a population is

Answer 23

endemic

Question 24

someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a

Answer 24

carrier

Question 25

an animal, such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a

Answer 25

vector

Question 26

an inanimate object that harbors and transmits a pathogen is a

Answer 26

fomite

Question 27

reservoirs include

Answer 27

humans, animals, soil, water

Question 28

nosocomial infections involve all the following except,

Answer 28

they are only transmitted by medical personnel

Question 29

which portal of entry is the most commonly used by pathogens

Answer 29

respiratory

Question 30

a student has their teeth cleaned. the hygienist nicks their gum tissue. the student develops endocarditis due to Streptococcus. what kind of pattern of infection is this?

Answer 30

focal