Week 10 Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is a small group?
a collection of individuals who, as a result of interacting with one another over time, become interdependent, developing shared patterns of behaviour and collective identity
what are group roles
maintenance roles
task roles
leadership
what are group norms?
standards of behaviour or expectations - reduces uncertainty and increases group cohesion
what is group cohesion?
the degree of affiliation that is felt between each of the group’s members that encourages group members to remain in the group
what is group conformity?
the tendency of the members of the group to follow rules and expected behaviours
what is the task/instrumental role in a group?
information seeker, coordinator, recorder, initiator, critic
what is the maintenance role?
encourager, observer, harmoniser
what is the negative role?
dominator, blocker, special-interest pleader, joker
what are Asch’s three reactions in relation to conformity
distortion of perception, distortion of judgement and distortion of action
what was the distortion of perception
where the participants were not aware that the majority had distorted their estimates
distortion of judgement
lacked confidence in their own observations and reported now what they say but what they felt was correct
distortion of action
didnt want to appear different or stupid
what are Tuckaman & Jensen’s stages of group development?
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
what are Wheelan;s stages of group development?
dependency and inclusion, counter dependancy and fight, trust and structure work, termination
what is social loafing?
when a member of the group avoids contributing to group tasks and thereby means other members have to make up for it and complete the task
what are the steps to group conflict resolution?
define the problem determine the criteria brainstorm possible solutions assess potential solutions identify solution to implement review decision
what is group think?
the maintenance of group cohesion to the near total exclusions of minority and outsider opinion
what is synergy
when the group’s output is greater than the sum of individual’s contributions
what is the train approach to leadership?
attempts to identify personality characteristics common to successful leaders
what is the functional approach to group leadership?
view leadership as a set of communication behaviour (task and provess) that may be enacted by any group member
what is the situational approach to group leadership?
adapting style t context
relates to effective leadership to interaction between leadership style and the group’s situation.
leader serves a function that is relevant to a specific context
what is common in autocratic or authoritarian leadership?
decisions; dictates timing and roles, doesnt actively participate, gives praise or criticism
what is common in a democratic leadership style
decisions are based on group decision process, goal and division of labour group decision; objective praise/criticism; tries to be a regular group member
what is the Laissez-faire leadership style
takes no part in decision making, gives group complete freedom, supplies materials or information when asked but does not get involved; makes frequent, spontaneous comments to members, no attempt to be involved
