Week 9

Question 1

what is stress?

Answer 1

the psychological and physical response you experience when you perceive a discrepancy between the demands of a situation and your capacity to cope

Question 2

what are three indicators of stress?

Answer 2

behavioural, emotional and congnitive

Question 3

what does stress affect?

Answer 3

perception, moo, memory, attitudes therefore interferes with ability to communicate

Question 4

positive stress

Answer 4

eustress

Question 5

What parts of the brain does stress affect?

Answer 5

prefrontal cortex, hippocampus

Question 6

psychoneuoimmunilogy

Answer 6

how psychosocial influence the immune system

Question 7

two main risks of stress on physical health

Answer 7

hypertension and stroke

Question 8

what are the physiological responses of stress?

Answer 8

rapid heart rate
rapid shallow breathing
sweating
reduced digestive activity

Question 9

what is the term used to describe psychological symptoms of stress?

Answer 9

arousal

Question 10

what are four examples of stressors

Answer 10

workload, colleagues, clients, schedule

Question 11

what is stress as a stimuli

Answer 11

when the environment is stressful

Question 12

what is stress as a response?

Answer 12

your reaction to something stressful in the environment

Question 13

what is acute stress?

Answer 13

quick to appear, intense, quick to pass

Question 14

what is chronic stress

Answer 14

prolonged, insidious, lower intensity

Question 15

what is the primary appraisal

Answer 15

the first step of stress that involves identifying the stress and whether it is threatening, harmful or challenging

Question 16

what is the secondary appraisal?

Answer 16

the second step of stress where one determines whether they have the resources to hope with the stress

Question 17

what is eustress

Answer 17

stress that is healthy or gives positive feelings as a result

Question 18

how is communication impaired by stress?

Answer 18

makes a person short-tempered, poor listening skills, self absorbed, distracted, impatient, judgemental, impaired empathy, agitated, withdrawn, poor memory

Question 19

what is the level of arousal when one is under stressed

Answer 19

hypostress

Question 20

what is hyperstress

Answer 20

when someone is over aroused

Question 21

what is distress

Answer 21

when a person is no longer able to finction

Question 22

what are some ways to communicate when others are stressed

Answer 22

with empathy, active listening, self-disclosure, questioning for understanding, reframing

Question 23

what are things NOT to do when someone is stressed?

Answer 23

jump to trying to solve the problem, give advice unless asked

Question 24

what is trauma

Answer 24

when someone is confronted with a situation that involves death or the threat of death or serious injury and responding with fear, helplessness or hopelessness

Question 25

what is a traumatic event

Answer 25

perceived and experiences threat to one's safety or the stability of one's world

Question 26

what emotions does trauma involve?

Answer 26

fear, horror, helplessness, sadness, guilt and anger

Question 27

what is the initial response of someone who is stressed?

Answer 27

intense anxiety and disbelief disorganised and out of control emotions feeling detached from the word

Question 28

what does the feeling of being out of control lead to?

Answer 28

denial, emotional shutdown or shock

Question 29

what is pathogenic

Answer 29

one of the two trauma response models that focuses on negative outcomes and how to alleviate these outcomes. This model is victim-based outcomes include; depression, withdrawal, PTSD, anxiety and poor communication

Question 30

what is salutogenic?

Answer 30

one of of the two trauma response models that is survivor based. it focuses on the strengths a person has to survive extraordinary challenges. still feels distressed but also positive outcomes

Question 31

why do the responses described in the pathogenic model occur?

Answer 31

Because of the social-cognition theory that explains the pre-existing beliefs about self, world and others. traumatic events shatters these assumptions and the individual is plunged into confusion of intrusion, avoidance and hyper-arousal to make sense of the event

Question 32

what is post traumatic growth?

Answer 32

the challenges of the trauma act as a catalyst for personal growth of recovering from trauma

Question 33

what is vicarious trauma?

Answer 33

when a person experiences trauma through another's eyes. often occurs to people in emergency serives

Question 34

what is secondary trauma?

Answer 34

intergenerational (stolen generation, holocaust)

Question 35

what is likely to happen to people most in need of support?

Answer 35

they dont receive it

Question 36

why are family members less helpful than friends while someone is experiencing trauma?

Answer 36

possibly because they have the greatest stake in his or her recovery

Question 37

what is practiced skill in regard to communicating with someone in trauma?

Answer 37

to help a survivor develop a new schema or perspective on the event

Question 38

what is the best way to help a person in trauma?

Answer 38

listen and validate their feelings

Question 39

what are the pressures of post traumatic growth?

Answer 39

survivors may be motivated to see more positive changes than may actually exist which leads to the feeling of inadequacy that compounds the stress

Question 40

what is the main burden on survivors?

Answer 40

increased suffering when others expect them to recover from the loss or trauma quickly

Question 41

what are ways to effectively communicate with someone in trauma?

Answer 41

do not under estimate their feelings be aware of non-verbal messages listen carefully and avoid judgement note what images and feelings you experience (self awareness( determine what the message means to the speaker convey empathy and support

Question 42

what are the 5 stages of grief

Answer 42

``` denial and isolation anger bargaining depression acceptace ```

Question 43

what is maladaptive coping?

Answer 43

ways of coping that are immature and defensive | avoids dealing with the problem and doesnt help to reduce the stress in the long term

Question 44

adaptive coping?

Answer 44

overcoming the emotions and thoughts that are associated with a stressful event.

Question 45

problem focused coping

Answer 45

attemts to alter the situation that is causing the stress and find solutions that are tangible

Question 46

emotion focused coping

Answer 46

typically used if stressful situation cannot be changed, focus instead on reaction to it

Question 47

what are the two categories of support?

Answer 47

instrumental and emotional suport

Question 48

what are the sub-categories of emotional support?

Answer 48

emotional behaviour, cognitive, humour

Question 49

what is social support?

Answer 49

the perception we have that others will be around to care for us, support us, love us, comfort us, contribute to our sense of esteem and wel-being

Question 50

what is resilience?

Answer 50

the ability to utilise personal skills and strengths to cope with stressful situations. bounces back to pre-trauma / pre-stress and functions normally

Question 51

what are ways to increase resilience?

Answer 51

``` develop social network build positive belief about self and abilities find sense of purpose or goals in life look for good in situations develop problem solving skills try to embrace change take care of yourself ```