Week 10 - Flowers and Pollinators

Question 1

Explain the simple pistil

Answer 1

GARDEN PEA- single unfused carpel
RASPBERRY - multiple unfused carpels

Question 2

Explain compound pistils

Answer 2

Fused carpels. Stigma and style may or may not be fused

ALL CITRUS

Question 3

What are incomplete flowers?

Answer 3

Had missing parts

Question 4

How can you tell if it’s multiple unfused carpels of one fused carpel by the fruit?

Answer 4

You have to cut an orange to see the diff parts but you can tell with a raspberry

Question 5

What is nectar?

Answer 5

Sugar liquid in glands ate tje base of flower

Question 6

What is the function of flowers?

Answer 6

Facilitate sexual reproduction

Question 7

What id the calyx?

Answer 7

Fused sepal. MORE ovary protection and increases pollinator attraction

Question 8

What are nectar guides?

Answer 8

Signal nectar glands?

Question 9

What is a nectar spur?

Answer 9

Long, narrow tube that protects nectar from random animals that dont pollinate. You need a long mouth

Question 10

What is inflorescence

Answer 10

Tight clustering of a bunch of tiny and seperate flowers

each tiny flower is cslled a disk floret

ex: sunflower

Question 11

What are ray florets

Answer 11

They look like petals but around inflorescence

Question 12

What is the huge plant family?

Answer 12

Composite/asteraceae family

Question 13

What macronutrient is needed for the production of pollen?

Answer 13

Nitrogen

Question 14

How many pollen sacks does an anther have

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What is sporopollenin?

Answer 15

Durable polimer that makes the pollen grain indestructible

Question 16

Describe double fertilization

Answer 16

Will mitate to have two sperm cells

1. will fert egg to make a zygote
2. will fuse with polar nuclei to make a 3n

Question 17

What are the twi important scars of a seed?

Answer 17

1. from funiculus
2. from microphyle

Question 18

Describe beetle pollinated plants

Answer 18

Large, WHITE, no nectar

Question 19

What were the first pollinators?

Answer 19

beetles

Question 20

What is a pollination syndrome?

Answer 20

A pollinator specific trait

Question 21

Describe fly pollinated plants

Answer 21

Visit very often
Bee flies have long straws
Hover flies eat pollen

Many fly pollinated flowers smell like dead animals

Question 22

Describe butterfly pollinated plants

Answer 22

Coiled tube fills up with hemolymph to uncoil.

Need low viscosity nectar (less than 10%)

LARGE INFLORESCENCE

Question 23

Describe bee pollinated plants

Answer 23

Most highly evolved pollinators

Flowers are typically blue purple or yellow

Bees eat nectar and pollen

Question 24

What are the benefits of being pollinated by bees?

Answer 24

1. Endotherms. Bees will keep pollinating even if it’s cold
2. Bees travel far between flowers. Pollen travels far

Question 25

Describe bird pollinated plants

Answer 25

Red flowers with long stamens ex: hummingbird feeders

Question 26

Describe bat pollinated plants

Answer 26

Fragrent, dull in colour. Thick tissues, sturdy branches

Question 27

Describe wind pollinated plants

Answer 27

small, scentless flowers. Flowers must overproduce pollen since it’s up to chance

Question 28

Do orchids make a lot of very little pollen?

Answer 28

VERY LITTLE (1-20 per ovule)

Question 29

What is the first part of the eudicot seed to emerge out

Answer 29

The radical

Question 30

What does the terminal cell develop into?

Answer 30

The prodmbryo

Question 31

What does the basal cell develop into?

Answer 31

suspensor cells

Question 32

What are the embryonic leaves called?

Answer 32

Cotyledon

Question 33

What is needed to boot off germination?

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

How many cotyledons do eudicots have?

Answer 34

2

Question 35

What is the hypocotyl?

Answer 35

Region of embryonic plant that leads down to the radicle

Question 36

What is the cotyledon of monocots called?

Answer 36

Scutellum

Question 37

What protectd the radicle?

Answer 37

Coleorhiza

Question 38

What protects the stem?

Answer 38

Coleoptile

Question 39

Define sacrification

Answer 39

Raking forest floor so that small seeds can sprout

Question 40

Why are trees cut down in the winter in quebec? what is this strategy called?

Answer 40

Snow protects soil from the logging equipment CPRS-S

Question 41

Define fruits

Answer 41

Mature ovaries thst protect seeds and help in their dispersal

Question 42

What are the three types of fruits

Answer 42

Simple a) fleshy b) dry Aggregate Multiple

Question 43

Define simple fleshy fruits

Answer 43

Originate from a single flower from a dingle carpel or compound pistel BERRIES come from compound pistils grapes, berries modified berries: squashes, watermelon, citrus DRUPE hard pit cherry, avocados, peaches POME apple *seperation of the sepal from the pedicel

Question 44

Describe dry dehiscent fruits

Answer 44

ex of dry: milkweed, gardenpea, star anise Ovary wall tears open along pre determined line

Question 45

Describe indehiscent dry fruits

Answer 45

Ovary wall does not tear. Ovary with seed disperse as one unit Achenes = dry fruit of dandelions (little white stuff)

Question 46

Describe aggregate fruits

Answer 46

Originate from a single flower with multiple unfused carpels ex: raspberry, strawberry tiny fruit of raspberry is a fruit

Question 47

Describe a multiple fruit

Answer 47

Derived from an inflorescence Black mullberry is actually a bunch of tiny fruits all stuck together. Unlike a raspberry, each droop is from a seperate flower

Question 48

Give three exmapled of wind dispersed indehiscent fruit

Answer 48

maple seeds, birch seeds, ash seeds

Question 49

How di gymnosperms disperse?

Answer 49

By wind. Humidity flips cone scales and carries away the seeds that are underneath

Question 50

What is the elaiosome?

Answer 50

Nutrient rich pod of ant-mediated seeds

Question 51

What is cacheing?

Answer 51

Stashing fruit with large lipid seeds. When they lose them or they die, seed sprouts

Question 52

Explain root suckering. Name an example of a tree that does this

Answer 52

New stems are sprouted from underground root network Aspen

Question 53

Explain apomixis

Answer 53

Diploid cell in ovule develops into embryo with no pollen. Asexual reproduction