Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 225 > Week 2 - Animal Nutrition > Flashcards

Week 2 - Animal Nutrition Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are essential nutrients?

A

Things animals need to ingest because the body can’t synthesize them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

9 out of the 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many essential fatty acids are there? Name them.

A
  1. Omega 3
  2. Omega 6

they make up the phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do we get essential vitamins?

A

by eating PLANTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which vitamin is not synthesized by plants?

A

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do essential minerals come from?

A

Weathering of rocks, absorbed by plants. We then eat plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What will you crave if you have an iron deficiency ?

A

Ice cubes, metal, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which animal phyla does not have a digestive system?

A

Porifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do sponges digest?

A

INTRACELLULARLY. Flagella beat water in through pores, food particles get engulfed by phagocytosis. OR move and get engulfed by amoebocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In one-way digestive systems, what is the function of the gastrovascular cavity?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination.

HYDRA: Enzymes are released from the sides and break down food particles which are then engulfed by food vacuoles.

in FLATWORMS: gastrovascular cavity is also the circulatory system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the diff between one-way and two-way digestion systems?

A

One way is one hole and not specialized, two way is two holes with specialized sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which two phylas have gizzards?

A

Annelids (earthworms) and chordata (birds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are gizzards?

A

Grind + pulverize food by mashing them with small stones (which are in the gizzard)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s so special about turkey gizzards?

A

They store hard nuts in there. Then the nuts break open after a while and they can digest the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why don’t small birds store seeds in their gizzards?

A

It would be too heavy to fly well. They eat fruit to digest faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the tongue do?

A

Forms bolus, helps to swallow. VERY MUSCULAR AND SENSITIVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do salivary glands do?

A

Secrete substances for chem. digestion in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is saliva made out of? What does it do?

A

Water, salts, glycoproteins. Contains amylase. Lubricate foods + protect lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

Covers the trachea so that we dont choke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of muscle is responsible for peristalsis?

A

Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many layers is the stomach? Why?

A

Three layers of smooth muscle IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS (the grain kinda) to optimize churning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What acid is in the stomach?

A

Hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What accessory glands are in the stomach?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gastric glands. They shoot out enzymes. Mucous cells shoot out mucous to protect lining from the acid.

24
Q

What do parietal cells do?

Study These Flashcards
A

Source of hydrogen and chloride ions that will then form hydrochloric acid

25
What do chief cells do?
Secrete pepsinogen. Drop in PH of stomach turns pepsinogen into pepsin (which digests proteins.) Pepsin can accelerate the pepsinogen to turn into pepsin. POSITIVE FEEDBACK
26
What is the bolus called after it leaves the stomach?
Chyme
27
What are the accessory organs attached to the duodenum?
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas
28
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
29
What neutralizes the chyme?
Bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas
30
What are the little fingers of the small intestine called?
Villi and microvilli
31
What types of cells form the villi
Columnar epithelial cells
32
What does bile do
Breaks up fat
33
What does pancreatic amylase do?
breaks down polysaccharides into disaccharides
34
What does the pancreas secrete?
Bicarbonate, trypsin, chemotrypsin, pancreatic amylase
35
What do the disaccharidases do? What secretes them?
They break up disaccharides into monosaccharides. Epithelial cells secrete them.
36
Give three examples of disacharidases
Maltase. lactase, sucrase
37
What is the breaking up of fat droplets into smaller fat droplets called?
Emulsification
38
TRUE OR FALSE: long chained fatty acids are hydrophobic
TRUE
39
What do chylomicrons do?
Transport lipids by conceling their hydrophobicity. TOO BIG TO FIT IN BLOOD CAPILLARIES
40
Where do chylomicrons enter the circulatory system
Lacteal vessel bc it has large bits that it can enter, then enter the subclavanian veins to ender the circ system
41
What does the appendix do?
Immune function
42
What does the cecum do
Pouch between appendix and bit where small intestine dumps into large intestine. HOLDS LOTS OF BACTERIA to digest fibrous plant material
43
Do carnivors have a big or small cecum?
VERY VERY small
44
What are the different parts of the colon?
ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoidal
45
Function of the colon?
Reabsorb water, in herbivors: digestion of plant matter
46
What are substrate feeders? Give an example
They live in/on their food Caterpillars
47
What are fluid feeders? Give an example
Suck nutrients (fluid) from host. Not necessarily harmful Hummingbird
48
What are bulk feeders? Give an example
They eat relatively large pieces of food Snakes
49
What are suspension feeders? Give an example
Eat small organisms/ food particles suspended in water Oyster
50
What are filter feeders? Give an example
Filter water to get food Baleen whale
51
What adaptation of the mouth contribute to mammal’s success?
Dental adaptations
52
Describe type 1 diabetes
Insulin-dependant diabetes. Immune system destroys beta cells of pancreas. 10% of diabetics You usually find out in childhood
53
Describe type 2 diabetes
Non insulin-dependent diabetes Cells don’t respond to insulin in a normal way. Excess body weight, lack of exercise. 90% of cases
54
What is overnourishment?
Overconsumption of calories for normal nutrition
55
What is leptin?
Hormone that suppresses appetite
56
Name the hormone that suppresses appetite
Leptin

BIOL 225 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions