WEEK 10 - NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS Flashcards
(29 cards)
acquired brain injury (ABI)
blunt force trauma associated with acceleration or deceleration forces results in combination of translation and rotation
post-traumatic amnesia (PTA)
Period of confusion and inability to lay down new memories, following emergence from a coma - strongest predictor of functional outcomes
cognitive changes of TBI
Difficulties with attention, processing speed, memory, executive functions (planning, goal-directed behaviour, abstract reasoning, impulse control), self-awareness, social cognition & emotion perception
emotional changes of TBI
Mood swings, reduced emotional control, depression, anxiety, blunted or inappropriate affect
behavioural changes of TBI
Irritability, aggression, reduced frustration tolerance, impulsivity, disinhibition, socially inappropriate behaviours, apathy
cognitive changes of stroke
Difficulties with memory, attention, communication, visuoperceptual & visuospatial skills, praxis, executive functions, social cognition and emotion perception
emotional changes of stroke
Depression, anxiety, emotional lability (inappropriate or uncontrollable laughing or crying), reduced emotional control
behavioural changes
Apathy, impulsivity, irritability, aggression, reduced frustration tolerance, socially inappropriate behaviour
factors influencing ability of neurons to optimise neuroplasticity
age, damaged cells, distance of lesion from cell body, how many axons branches there are, presence of neurotrophic factors provided by healthy astrocytes
biological factors influencing recovery
cause of illness, age, individual differences, gender, genetics, medical history/comorbidites
psychological factors influencing recovery
premorbid intellectual functioning, psychiatric history, current lifestyle, motivation in rehab, personality, beliefs
social factors influencing recovery
access to interdisciplinary rehab, social support, enriched environment, cultural contexts
neuropsychological interventions for ABI
psychoeducation, cognitive rehab, CBT, behaviour management, environmental modifications
evidence-based memory rehab approach - systematic instruction
method of systematically learning and remembering a skill/task
ion channels
transmembrane proteins that form a water-filled pore to allow for passive diffusion of ions across cell membrane along electrochemical gradient
function of basic channels
alter sensory input and influence stress levels
homeostasis
determines optimal cell functioning
3 states of ion channels
resting, open, inactivated
3 types of ion channels
voltage-gated, ligand-gated and non-gated channels
channelopathies
group of disorders caused by dysfunction in ion channels - neurons can be hyper-excitable and lead to conditions such as epilepsy
4 principles determining the nature of channelopathy
location selectivity, channel interdependency, genetic heterogeneity, phenotypical heterogeneity
sodium (Na+)
integral to cell excitability and neuronal communication as it is responsible for depolarisation of membrane
potassium (K+)
important in determining the threshold and frequency of membrane activation
chloride (Cl-)
integral in maintenance of cellular pH levels, with a large role being to neutralise the voltage charge and regulate cell volume
