WEEK 11 - MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)

Question 1

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 1

autoimmune disease of CNS - accelerated cortical volume loss

Question 2

radiologically isolated syndromes (RIS)

Answer 2

Where white matter lesions are apparent that fulfill the criteria for MS, but there is no recorded clinical attack

Question 3

Clinically isolated syndromes (CIS)

Answer 3

the first episode of neurological systems indicative of inflammation and/or demyelination attack that lasts for 24 hours or more and usually only effects one area

Question 4

Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)

Answer 4

Periods of attack followed by recovery (remission of symptoms), usually once or twice a year

Question 5

Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)

Answer 5

RRMS can become diagnosis of SPMS when symptoms change from a relapse-remitting pattern to a situation where the degree of disability progressively worsens over time

Question 6

Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)

Answer 6

About 10-15% of cases of MS. No observation of RR phase, but progressive functional decline

Question 7

neuropathology of MS

Answer 7

dysfunction of immune system, chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration

Question 8

factors associated with pathogenesis of MS

Answer 8

thyroid hormone, vitamin D, sex hormones, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress

Question 9

assessments of cognitive changes in MS

Answer 9

Brief Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery (BRNB), Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function (MASCS) and MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ)

Question 10

treatment and management of MS functions

Answer 10

control attacks, prevent or slow progression, address symptoms, manage secondary complications

Question 11

treatment approaches of MS

Answer 11

mitochondrial-protective strategies, anti-inflammatory agents, microglia inhibitors, re-myelination therapies, stem cell transplantation