WEEK 7 - MEMORY IMPAIRMENT

Question 1

memory imapirment

Answer 1

One of the three most common cognitive impairments across all brain and mental health conditions and has huge impact on everyday life

Question 2

stroke

Answer 2

could be either lack of blood flow (ischemic stroke) or due to leakage of blood (hemorrhagic stroke)

Question 3

cognitive consequences of stroke

Answer 3

75% of cortical stroke patients will show some kind of cognitive impairment - results in poor rehab outcomes, social participation and quality of life

Question 4

causes of amnesia

Answer 4

epilepsy, severe hypoxia, HSE, stroke, traumatic brain injury, ECT

Question 5

anterograde amnesia

Answer 5

Loss of memory when the hippocampus resected bilaterally - inability to learn NEW things

Question 6

what is impaired in anterograde amnesia?

Answer 6

cannot acquire new episodic memories or new semantic knowledge; memory loss; STM intact and language functions are fine

Question 7

what is preserved in anterograde amnesia?

Answer 7

implicit memory and semantic priming

Question 8

retrograde amnesia

Answer 8

inability to recall prior memories - medial temporal lobe is affected

Question 9

multiple trace theory (1997) and retrograde amnesia

Answer 9

autobiographical and personal semantic memory are greatly affected

Question 10

what is preserved in retrograde amnesia?

Answer 10

factual semantic and general semantic memory are not/little affected

Question 11

explicit episodic memory impairment

Answer 11

hippocampus, diencephalon, PFC

Question 12

semantic declarative memory impairment

Answer 12

anterior and inferior temporal lobes are major pathological sites

Question 13

implicit procedural memory impairment

Answer 13

basal ganglia, motor cortex, cerebellum

Question 14

working memory impairment

Answer 14

processing streams, dorsolateral PFC, premotor cortex

Question 15

prospective memory impairment

Answer 15

relies on episodic and working memory; always impaired in people with brain conditions and majorly impacted on everyday functioning

Question 16

how to assess memory impairment

Answer 16

subjective memory concerns (activity limitations; clinical interviews and questionnaires) and objective testing (impairment of memory systems and processes)

Question 17

memory rehabilitation

Answer 17

focused on reducing functional impact of everyday memory problems - particularly episodic and prospective memory difficulties

Question 18

restorative approaches to rehab

Answer 18

repetitive drill and practice, computerised cognitive training

Question 19

compensatory approaches to rehab

Answer 19

internal and external strategies, individual and group approaches - systematic instruction