Week 11 Flashcards
Perfusion: HF & Shock (57 cards)
The relaxation of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle
Diastole
The mechanism describing how the ventricle can adjust its pumping force to accommodate various levels of preload and afterload
Frank Starling Law
Describes how the cardiac muscle force of contraction is affected
Inotropic Function= contraction
The volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole, also known as ventricular end diastolic volume
Preload> precardiac cycle
The amount of blood the heart pumps out of the ventricle each minute
Cardiac Output
Describes how the heart rate is affected?
Chronotropic= HR
The volume of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each contraction
Stroke Volume
The amount of resistance the ventricle must overcome in order to pump blood out of the heart
Afterload= resistance
The contraction of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle
Systole
Weak distended left ventricle cannot pump blood forward:
- Systolic/ diastolic dysfunction?
Systolic dysfunction
Stiff non-elastic left ventricle with less filling of blood:
- Systolic/ diastolic dysfunction?
Diastolic dysfunction
Can occur in traumatic injuries blocking venous return to heart:
- High/low output failure?
Low output failure
-don’t have enough output
Can be caused by systemic conditions with high metabolic demand:
- high/ low output failure?
High-output failure
- High demand= high output
Symptoms include jugular venous distention and ascites:
-L/R ventricle failure?
Right ventricular failure
Symptoms include paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and crackles:
L/R ventricle failure?
Left ventricular failure
The most common cause of heart failure is _____
Ischemic heart failure
- damages muscles and causes them to not work
In Cor Pulmonale, _______ stimulates vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arterial circulation, creating high pressures or pulmonary hypertension
Chronic Hypoxia
- tries to conserve O2 w/ vasoconstriction
The term, ______ is commonly used to describe a disease that targets the heart muscle itself. It can described as restrictive or __________.
- Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophy(muscle is too big)
Cardiogenic shock can be caused by _______, which occurs when there is an increased amount of fluid in the pericardial sac that surround the heart
Cardiac Tamponade
The underlying cause of ____ is widespread vasodilation that reduces venous return to the heart and unopposed action of the parasympathetic nervous system
Neurogenic
- spinal cord injury
- parasympathetic nervous system and heart don’t balance each other
In the _________ stage of shock, wide spread cellular hypoxia and lactic acid build up occurs
- irreversible
- when lactic acid build up occurs and irreversible damage occurs
Cardiac Contractility
The myocardium’s ability to stretch and contract in response to the filling of the heart wih blood.
- Afterload can negatively affect contractility by increasing the heart’s workload
- Also influenced by the ANS, acid-base, and electrolytes
Starling capillary forces
the two opposing pressure forces present at every capillary bed-hydrostatic pressure and oncontic/osmotic pressure…. normally they balance eachother out
Hydrostatic fluid
forcing fluid out of the vessel and into the intracellular and interstitial spaces
