week 11 flash

Question 1

which medication decreases spasms in the bladder

Answer 1

ditropan

Question 2

which medication turns the urine bright orange

Answer 2

Pyridium

Question 3

what are the two main causes of CKD

Answer 3

DM and HTN

Question 4

whats the difference between cystitis and pyelonephritis

Answer 4

cystitis: localised, lower UTI symptoms
pyelonephritis: systemic, CVA tenderness, fever malaise and LUTS

Question 5

what is the difference between a complicated cystitis and uncomplicated cystitis

Answer 5

complicated: more than bladder, fever flank pain and chills
uncomplicated: just the bladder

Question 6

how long are antibiotics for a complicated UTI

Answer 6

7-14 days

Question 7

how long are antibiotics for an uncomplicated UCI

Answer 7

3-5 days

Question 8

what are the main symptoms of chronic pyelonephritis

Answer 8

• HTN
• Inability to conserve sodium
• nocturia
• hyperkalemia and acidosis

Question 9

what are the main lab values that indicate a bacterial UTI

Answer 9

increased leukocytes and increased nitrates

Question 10

what do casts indicate with a UTI

Answer 10

indicates an intra renal issue

Question 11

why do we treat UTIs so aggressively

Answer 11

because they can lead to urosepsis

Question 12

what are the main interventions for a bladder infection

Answer 12

4 A
- analgesic, antipyretic, antibiotic, antispasmodic

high fluid intake
sitz bath
surgery

Question 13

what is hydronephrosis/hydroureter

Answer 13

enlargement of kidney or ureter resulting from an outflow obstruction

Question 14

what are the symptoms of hydronephrosis

Answer 14

• flank/abdominal pain

Question 15

what is nephrolithiasis

Answer 15

stone in the kidney

Question 16

what is urolithiasis

Answer 16

stone in the urinary tract (more painful

Question 17

what is the most common cause of kidney stone

Answer 17

dehydration

Question 18

what are the most common symptoms of kidney stones

Answer 18

groin pain progressing to urethra (moving)

Question 19

what types of kidney stones will have decreased pH

Answer 19

uric acid

Question 20

what types of kidney stones will have an increased pH

Answer 20

calcium stones

Question 21

how do you treat uric acid stones

Answer 21

allopurinol

Question 22

how to you treat calcium kidney stones

Answer 22

thiazide diuretics

Question 23

what are things to expect after ECSW lithotripsy

Answer 23

pain, hematuria, flank bruising

Question 24

what are abnormal things to see after ECSW lithotripsy

Answer 24

low BP, worsening hematuria, clots in urine

Question 25

what are the main complications of kidney stones

Answer 25

obstruction (hydroureter) hematuria infection urinary stasis hydronephrosis (could lead to permanent kidney damage

Question 26

what is a ureteroscopy

Answer 26

basically endoscopy but goes into the bladder and into the kidney

Question 27

what is percutaneous ureterolithotomy

Answer 27

put big ass needle right into kidney and remove the stone

Question 28

which surgical procedures would the patient need a nephrostomy tube post-op

Answer 28

percutaneous ureterolithoyomy or open surgical procedure

Question 29

what are two important things to do post op for surgical management of kidney stones

Answer 29

strain urine and encourage fluids

Question 30

what are the main symptoms of BPH

Answer 30

LUTS, retention, leaking, incontinence, incomplete bladder emptying

Question 31

what are the main non-surgical interventions for BPH

Answer 31

avoid a lot of fluid avoid drugs that cause urinary retention like anticholinergics

Question 32

what are the three minimally invasive approaches to treat BPH

Answer 32

prostate artery embolism transurethral needle ablation transurethral microwave therapy

Question 33

what is the main surgical intervention for BPH

Answer 33

- transurethral resection of prostate (TURP)

Question 34

what is some important patient education for post op TURP

Answer 34

you will feel the need to void when cath is in place small blood clots and debris may pass after cath removal

Question 35

when would you need CBI

Answer 35

post op for TURP

Question 36

what is CBI

Answer 36

continuous bladder irrigation 3 way urinary catheter used to allow drainage of urine out, and bladder irrigating solution in

Question 37

how would you measure U/O for a patient with CBI

Answer 37

subtract amount of irrigating solution from foley bag output

Question 38

what is the solution used for CBI

Answer 38

isotonic irrigating solution

Question 39

what is an important thing to do before irrigating obstructed 3 way cath

Answer 39

instil 2 full syringes before removing clots to prevent sucking on bladder wall