week 2: gas exchange Flashcards
(49 cards)
define ventilation
process of inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling CO2
what are three issues that affect ventilation
COPD, cancer, chest trauma
define diffusion
oxygen and carbon dioxide crossing the alveoli and entering blood stream
what are two issues that affect diffusion
COPD (emphysema)
lung infection
define perfusion
ability of blood to bring oxygen containing Hgb into cells and return CO2 containing Hgb into the alveoli
what are two issues that affect perfusion
pulmonary embolism, heart failure
what is hypoxia
inadequate transportation of oxygen to body cells (oxygenation failure)
what is hypercapnia
build up of carbon dioxide combined with water to produce carbonic acid (ventilation failure)
what are they two big things that a decrease in gas exchange will result in
hypoxia and hypercapnia
what does VQ stand for
ventilation perfusion
what is an intrapulmonary shunt
perfusion without ventilation, usually due to too much fluid in the lungs
what is atelectasis
partial lung collapse/lung collapse
what is dead space ventilation
ventilation without perfusion
what may cause dead space ventilation
pulmonary embolism
what may cause intrapulmonary shunt
lumbar pneumonia, atelectasis
how can you tell if chest pain is due to a lung issue or cardiac?
if they breathe and the chest pain is worse, it’ll be lung
if you breathe and the chest pain is unaffected, its cardiac
what should you monitor pre procedure for a bronchoscopy
monitor CBC, platelets, PTT, lytes, chest X ray
also make sure theyre NPO
what should one monitor post procedure for an endoscopy
monitor till sedation wears off, ensure gag prior to eating/drinking. monitor for bleeding, infection, hypoxemia
what is a thoracentesis
needle shoved right into lungs to aspirate fluid from pleural space
what should you monitor post procedure for a thoracentesis
CXR, vitals, assess lung sounds, check for perforation and leakage.
what are some risks for a patient after getting a thoracentesis
increased risk for infection and tension pneumothorax.
whats the difference between a moderate impairment in respiratory status and severe impairment
moderate: change in blood work, severe: change in tissue perfusion
what are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism
sudden onset of dyspnea, sharp stabbing chest pain, hemoptysis, crackles, petechiae
what are the main interventions we do for a lung issue
optimise oxygenation and optimise ventilation through things like positioning, administer medications, manage secretions, optimise nutrition
