Week 11 - Risk treatment & adaptation options

Question 1

What are the 3 components of the risk management process?

Answer 1

1. planning
2. risk assessment
3. risk treatment.

Question 2

What are the 3 components of the risk assesment?

Answer 2

1. identification
2. analysis
3. evaluation

Question 3

what is risk treatment?

Answer 3

Selection and implementation of measures to modify risk.

Question 4

what uncertainties are associated with adaptive planning?

Answer 4

1. how fast the climate will change
2. the effects of climate change
3. how solutions effect the wider community

Question 5

what are the ways of adapting

Answer 5

reactive
private - individuals
public - government
autonomus - spontaneous adjustment
planned
maladaptive

Question 6

what are the adaptive measures and their definitions

Answer 6

1. avoid - eliminate a hazard or exposure
2. control - reduce the chance of the hazard occurring
3. mitigate - reduce the severity of the consequences
4. transfer - transfer the consequence to someone else
5. do nothing - accept the consequences

Question 7

what is adaptive capacity

Answer 7

The capacity of a system or community to adjust to and cope with changes or disturbances

Question 8

define salience

Answer 8

The extent to which a natural hazard stands out in its potential impact

Question 9

what are the different types of maladaptation

Answer 9

1. path dependency
2. increasing GHGs emissions
3. more impacts on vulnerable communities

Question 10

what are hard adaptive measures

Answer 10

1. relying on built infrastructure (sea walls)
2. relying on something that lacks flexibility (one path)

Question 11

what are soft adaptive measures

Answer 11

1. empowering local communities (WSUD)
2. relying on natural infrastructure (wetlands)

Question 12

what is maladaptation

Answer 12

solutions that reduce climate change impacts but increase impacts on other systems or communities

Question 13

what is VSL and how is it used

Answer 13

value of statistical life
assesses the benefits of policies aimed at reducing deaths

Question 14

what are the different types of resilience and their definitions

Answer 14

Engineering resilience → Return to the former state,

Ecological resilience → Retain the same function,

Specific resilience → Robustness, Redundancy, Resourcefulness, and Rapidity,

General resilience → System’s characteristics that enable it to respond to disturbances

Question 15

how can the built environment impact equality

Answer 15

The built environment can create barriers that influence equality like jobs, services, and education

Question 16

what strategies are effective for adapting

Answer 16

1. effective early warning systems for climate-related hazards
2. Building climate-resilient infrastructure

Question 17

what are examples of climate-resilient infrastructure

Answer 17

1. Coastal dune restoration
2. Water treatment plants designed for consistent water supply
3. green roofs in urban areas
4. Flood barriers and levees to withstand extreme weather events

Question 18

what is included in the multiple criteria for adaptation

Answer 18

cost
risk reduction
environmental impacts
legality
adaptability
culturally appropriate

Question 19

what are 2 types of node removal

Answer 19

error - removing random nodes

attack - removing most connected nodes

Question 20

What is social capital?

Answer 20

Bridging - Creating relationships between typical social groups

Bonding - Deeping connections you already have

Linking – Connecting with decision makers and officials with influence

Question 21

when undergoing risk treatment, what are some ways to compare alternatives

Answer 21

changes in risk
cost
as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP)

Question 22

what is ALARP

Answer 22

a solution must be implemented unless the cost outweighs the benefit

Question 23

what are examples of people oriented design

Answer 23

1. Reduces emissions
2. Enhances community resilience
3. Health-enabling environments

Question 24

what are the key components of a complete street

Answer 24

active sidewalks
bike lanes
roadways
safe crossways
planting strip
green spaces

Question 25

list 2 examples for each of the adaptation interventions

Answer 25

accommodate - flood proofing, SW management
protect - beach drainage, wetlands
retreat - lands swaps, propetry buy-out
avoid - zoning, setback controls
maintain - maintain
attack - land reclamation

Question 26

What are the adaptation interventions?

Answer 26

Accommodate, Attack, Avoid, Maintain, Protect, and Retreat.