Week 8 Adaptation

Question 1

What is a Trade-off?

Answer 1

Mitigating one risk that may exacerbate others

Question 2

“Avoid the unmanageable” and “Manage the unavoidable” are each examples of what?

Answer 2

Mitigation, adaption (respectively)

Question 3

What is the definition of Adaptation (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 3

The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects.

Question 4

What is the definition of Vulnerability (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 4

The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

Question 5

What is the definition of Risk (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 5

The consequences of an activity and associated uncertainty.

Question 6

What is the definition of Resilience (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 6

The ability of a system to achieved desired functionality (bouncing back).

Question 7

What are the three pillars of justice?

Answer 7

Distributive, procedural, recognitial

Question 8

Fill in the blanks: Risks are interconnected. We must: - be careful when __________ one risk, learn from ____ _______, and look for _____ __________ _______.

Answer 8

• be careful when addressing one risk, learn from small failures, and look for early warning signals.

Question 9

What is the risk management process?

Answer 9

1. Planning
2. Risk Assessment
   a. Identification
   b. Analysis
   c. Evaluation
3. Risk Treatment

Question 10

What is the Climate Change Adaptation in NZ cycle? (10 steps)

Answer 10

1. Preparation and context
2. Hazard assessments
3. Values + objectives
4. Risk assessment
5. Identify options (to reduce risk)
6. Evaluate options
7. Develop a strategy
8. Implement the strategy
9. Monitor the strategy
10. Adjust

Question 11

What are the 4 Maori interest domains?

Answer 11

1. Natural environment
2. Main enterprise
3. Healthy people
4. Maori culture and practices

Question 12

What are the 5 treatment options

Answer 12

1. Avoid
2. Reduce/control
3. Mitigate
4. Transfer
5. Do nothing

Question 13

What are some pointers of what Central government does?

Answer 13

• Sets policy
• Allocates funding
• Manages risk to infrastructure

Question 14

What are some pointers of what Local government does?

Answer 14

• Development + implement plans
• Regulations
• Responsible for managing risk to council owned structures

Question 15

What are the types of uncertainty?

Answer 15

Ambiguity, Epistemic, Aleatory

Question 16

What are black swans?

Answer 16

Surprising events given current knowledge

Question 17

Actions are taken when which three points are reached?

Answer 17

Thresholds, triggers and signals

(I dont think this is right, action is taken when trigger is reached)

Question 18

What is the definition of a natural hazard (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 18

Natural process or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services social and economic disruption or environmental damage.

Question 19

What are shocks and stresses? Give examples.

Answer 19

Shocks are acute events (hazards) eg. any rapid onset event, short duration

Stresses are chronic isssues eg. of stresses are sea level rise, vertical land movement, temperature change and poverty

Question 20

Give examples of natural hazards.

Answer 20

Tropical storms, flooding, storm surge, tsunami, alluvial fans, extreme heat, wildfire, volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, tornados

Question 21

What is the definition of a compounding hazard?

Answer 21

When two or more hazards occur at the same time and increase the overall threat.

Question 22

What is the definition of exposure (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 22

People, property, systems or other elements present in hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses.

Question 23

What is the definition of sensitivity (as per lecture notes)?

Answer 23

The degree to which a system is affected adversely or beneficially by climate related drivers.