Week 12 Muscles of the Leg and Foot

Question 1

What are the 4 muscles that the femoral nerve motor to?

Answer 1

• iliacus
• pectineus
• quadriceps femoris
• skin of anterior, medial & intermediate thigh

Question 2

What are the 3 roots of femoral nerve and where do it emerge to?

Answer 2

Roots of L2, 3, 4
emerges into thigh, lateral to psoas major muscle

Question 3

What are the 4 muscles that the obturator nerve motor to?

Answer 3

obturator externus
adductors (+ magnus)
pectineus
skin of medial thigh

Question 4

What are the 3 roots of obturator nerve and where does it emerge to

Answer 4

Roots of L2, 3, 4
emerges medial to psoas major muscle

Question 5

What are the 5 roots of the sciatic nerve and where does it emerge to

Answer 5

Roots of L4, 5; S1, 2, 3
emerges from pelvis in the gluteal region below piriformis

Question 6

What are the 3 muscles that the sciatic nerve motor to

Answer 6

• hamstrings
• adductor magnus
• skin of posterior thigh

-divides into tibial & common fibular nerves

Question 7

What are the 4 movements of the foot and describe where each occurs

Answer 7

• plantar(down) & dorsiflexion(up))
  ->occur at ankle, MTPJ & IPJ
• inversion & eversion(tilting side to side)
  ->’tilting’ of plantar surface towards/away from midline
  -> occur at talocalcaneal & transverse tarsal joints

-> adduction & abduction (moving side to side)
foot towards or away from midline
occur at transverse tarsal joints

• pronation & supination: combinations of movements
  -> supination – adduction, inversion & plantarflexion
  -> pronation – abduction, eversion & dorsiflexion

Question 8

What are the 7 muscles of the the leg: posterior compartment

Answer 8

• Gastrocnemius
• Plantaris
• soleus
• Popliteus
• Flexor hallucis longus
• Flexor digitorum longus
• Tibialis posterior

Question 9

What is the 2 origin and insertion of the gastrocnemius, the 2 action and nerve supply

Answer 9

• origin: medial & lateral heads from medial & lateral femoral condyles
• insertion: tendo calcaneus
  -action: flexion of knee; plantarflexion of foot
• nerve supply: tibial nerve

Question 10

What is origin, insertion, 2 action and nverve supply of plantaris

Answer 10

• origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
• insertion: medial side of tendo calcaneus
• action: flexion of knee; plantarflexion of foot
• nerve supply: tibial nerve

Question 11

What is the 4 oprigin, insertion, action of Soleus

Answer 11

• origin: tibia, below soleal line; posterior head & shaft of fibula & fibrous arch across I-O membrane [over popliteal vessels & tibial nerve]
• insertion: tendo calcaneus
• action: plantarflexion of foot

Question 12

What is the origin, insertion, 2 action of Popliteus

Answer 12

• forms floor of popliteal fossa
• origin: posterior tibia, above soleal line
• insertion: lateral femoral condyle
• action: ‘unlocks’ knee - flexion of knee, rotates femur laterally or tibia medially depending on which is fixed

Question 13

What is the 2 origin, insertion and action, nerve supply of Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 13

• origin: posterior fibula & I-O membrane
• insertion: distal phalanx 1st digit
• action: flexion of 1st digi
• nerve supply: tibial nerve

Question 14

What is the 2 origin, insertion and 2 action, nerve supply of Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 14

• origin: posterior tibia & I-O membrane
• insertion: distal phalanges lateral 4 toes [via split in FDB]
• action: flexion toes, plantarflexion of foot
• nerve supply: tibial nerve

Question 15

What is the 3 origin, 2 insertion and 2 action, nerve supply of Tibialis posterior

Answer 15

• origin: tibia & fibula & I-O membrane [between FDL & FHL]
• insertion: plantar surfaces of tuberosity of navicular & cuneiforms
• action: plantarflexion & inversion of foot
  nerve supply: tibial nerve

Question 16

What are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 16

• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor hallucis longus
• Extensor digitorum longus
• fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Question 17

What are the 2 origins, 2 insertions, 2 action, nerve supply of Tibialis anterior

Answer 17

• origin: lateral aspect tibia & I-O membrane
• insertions: medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
• action: dorsiflexion of ankle, inversion of foot
• nerve supply: deep fibular nerve

Question 18

What are the 2 origins, 2 insertions, 2 action, nerve supply of Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 18

• origin: medial aspect of fibula & I-O membrane
• insertions: base of distal phalanx of 1st toe
• action: extension of hallux & dorsiflexion
• nerve supply: deep fibular nerve

Question 19

What are the 2 origins, 2 insertions, 2 action, nerve supply of Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 19

• origin: lateral tibial condyle, fibula, & I-O membrane
• insertions: phalanges of lateral 4 toes
• action: extension of toes, dorsiflexion of ankle
• nerve supply: deep fibular nerve

Question 20

What are the 2 origins, insertions, 2 action, nerve supply of fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Answer 20

• origin: distal 1/3 fibula, & I-O membrane
• insertions: base of 5th metatarsal
• action: dorsiflexion & eversion of foot
• nerve supply: tibial nerve

Question 21

What are the 2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

Answer 21

• fibularis longus
• fibularis brevis

Question 22

What is the 2 origin,2 insertion 2 action of fibularis longus

Answer 22

• origin: head & upper lateral aspect of fibula
• insertions: medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal
• action: eversion of foot & plantarflexion of ankle

Question 23

What is the origin, insertion 2 action, nerve supply of fibularis brevis

Answer 23

• origin: lateral aspect of fibula
• insertions: base of 5th metatarsal
• action: eversion & dorsiflexion of ankle
• nerve supply: superficial fibular nerve

Question 24

What are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of foot

Answer 24

extensor digitorum brevis
dorsal interossei

Question 25

What is the origin,2 insertion, action, of extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 25

- origin: calcaneus - insertions: 1st to 4th toes, sides of EDL - action: extension of phalanges

Question 26

What is the origin,2 insertion, 3 action, of dorsal interossei

Answer 26

- origin: 2 heads, from adjacent metatarsals - insertions: base of proximal phalanges & dorsal expansions - action: abduction & flexion MCPJ & extension of IPJ

Question 27

What are the 3 Muscles of the foot layer 1

Answer 27

abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis abductor digiti minimi

Question 28

What is the origin, insertion, 2 action of lumbricals

Answer 28

- origin: tendons of FDL - insertion: extensor digitorum expansions - actions: flexion MCPJ & extension IPJ

Question 28

What is the 2 origin, insertion, action, of abductor hallucis

Answer 28

- origin: calcaneus [medial tubercle] & plantar aponeurosis - insertion: proximal phalanx 1st toe [medial side] - action: abducts 1st toe

Question 28

What are the 2 Muscles of the foot layer 2

Answer 28

- quadratus plantae [flexor accessorius] - lumbricals

Question 28

What is the 2 origin, insertion, action, of flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 28

origin: calcaneus [medial tubercle] & plantar aponeurosis insertion: sides middle phalanges of lateral 4 toes action: flexion PIPJ

Question 28

What is the origin, insertion, action, of abductor digiti minimi

Answer 28

- origin: calcaneus - insertion: proximal phalanx 5th toe - action: abducts 5th digit

Question 28

What is the origin, insertion, action of quadratus plantae [flexor accessorius]

Answer 28

- origin: calcaneus - insertion: tendons of flexor digitorum longus - action: flexion of DIPJ

Question 29

What are the 3 Muscles of the foot layer 3

Answer 29

- flexor hallucis brevis - flexor digiti minimi brevis - adductor hallucis

Question 30

What is the 2 origin, isnertion, action of flexor hallucis brevis

Answer 30

- origin: cuboid & lateral cuneiform bone [2 sites] - insertion: base of proximal phalanx 1st toe - action: flexion of 1st toe

Question 31

What is the origin, isnertion, action of flexor digiti minimi brevis

Answer 31

- origin: base of 5th metatarsal - insertion: proximal phalanx 5th toe - action: flexion of 5th toe

Question 32

What is the 2 origin heads, isnertion, 3 action of adductor hallucis

Answer 32

- origin: -> oblique head – bases of 2nd – 4th metatarsals -> transverse head – plantar MTP ligaments of 3rd-5th toes - insertions: lateral sesamoid bone/proximal phalanx - actions: adduction 1st toe, flexion MPJ & stabilizes metatarsal heads

Question 33

What is the 1 muscle of the foot layer 4 and the origin, isnertion, action

Answer 33

- Plantar interossei - origin: metacarpals - insertions: proximal phalanges 3-5 - action: adduction toes [PAD]

Question 34

Describe the 4 characterics of the Blood supply to the lower limb: femoral artery

Answer 34

- continuation of external iliac branch of common iliac artery - contained in femoral sheath with femoral vein - supplies branches to hip & thigh - continues through thigh & via adductor hiatus, to back of femur

Question 35

Describe the 4 characteristics polipteal artery

Answer 35

- divides into posterior & anterior tibial arteries - these supply the posterior & anterior compartments of the leg respectively - posterior tibial artery supplies structures of the sole of the foot - anterior tibial artery supplies dorsum of the foot [dorsali pedis artery]

Question 36

Describe the two veins involved in the Venous drainage of the lower limb

Answer 36

- superficial & deep veins - superficial arise from dorsal venous arch on dorsum of foot - medial and lateral ends – small (short) & great (long) saphenous veins - short saphenous vein drains at back of knee into popliteal vein - long saphenous vein passes medially & enters femoral vein at femoral triangle - deep veins accompany arteries - veins valved – flow in one direction