Week 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
____________ are nitrogenous bases that contain one ring.
Pyrimidines.
________________ are bicyclic nitrogenous bases that contain two rings.
Purines.
___________ are biomolecules that contain a nitrogenous base, a (deoxy)ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.
Nucleotides.
___________ are biomolecules that contain a nitrogenous base and a (deoxy)ribose sugar.
Nucleosides.
____________ are polymers of nucleotides.
Nucleic acids.
_____________ occurs when hydrophobic molecules aggregate within an oily pocket within a molecule.
Hydrophobic effect.
How many bases are found on one full turn of the DNA helix?
10
___________ are minor errors in the DNA sequence.
Mutations
____________ is the copying of DNA, it is bidirectional and semiconservative.
Replication.
Both the ________ strand and the ___________ strand are synthesized from the 5’ to 3’ direction.
Leading and Lagging.
Why can’t you synthesize both strands of DNA continuously?
Because you need to start from a certain position and DNA polymerase only works in one direction.
____________________ is the synthesis of short DNA fragments (up to 70 nucleotides) can be done by hand or robotically.
Solid phase nucleotide synthesis.
In solid phase nucleotide synthesis ___________ groups insure we are only adding 1 base at a time.
Protecting
________________ can be used to amplify millions of copies of a single fragment of DNA in a short period of time.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
What does the PCR reaction mixture contain?
- Template DNA
- Primers
- Heat stable polymerase
- Deoxynucleotides.
What is the role of the primer in a PCR mixture?
It prevents the 2 strands of DNA from reattaching.
What are the steps for PCR?
- Denature
- Anneal oligonucleotide primers
3.Extension of primers with taq polymerase.
What reaction mixture do we use for Sanger sequencing method?
- Template DNA
- Oligonucleotide or sequencing primer
- DNA polymerase
- Radiolabeled dideoxynucleotides.
______________ DNA sequencing that uses flourescently labeled dye terminator nucleotides.
Fluorescent.
In ______________ sequencing genomic DNA is fragmented and ligated to adapters.
Illumina.
____________ encoding is ligase based sequencing technology, it’s better at detecting single nucleotide polymorphism and is less expensive but slower than other sequencing techniques.
Two-Base Encoding.
___________________ are enzymes that cut DNA.
Restriction Enzymes.
____________ ends are easier to attach to other DNA sequences, more likely to have random reactions.
Sticky.
___________ ends are harder to attach other sequences of DNA, less likely to have random reactions.
Blunt.
