Week 1

Question 1

__________ is the process in which unfavorable reactions can be made energetically possible by linking them to favorable ones.

Answer 1

Coupling Reactions.

Question 2

___________ is the chemical state when the rate of the forward and reverse state of a reaction are equal.

Answer 2

Equilibrium

Question 3

__________ is the field of study that analyzes the rates of chemical reactions.

Answer 3

Kinetics

Question 4

__________ is the rate of any chemical reaction that can be described using a mathematical expression.

Answer 4

Rate Law.

Question 5

___________ are fragments of a molecule, such as a hydroxyl or carbonyl group.

Answer 5

Functional groups

Question 6

_________ groups are common to all classes of biological molecules. They participate in numerous reactions including esterifications, dehydrations, and oxidations.

Answer 6

Hydroxyl

Question 7

The polar ________ group participates in numerous biochemical reactions. Frequently ________ carbons are subjected to nucleophilic attack by hydroxy or amino groups.

Answer 7

Carbonyl

Question 8

_________ groups are weak acids. They are common functional groups and participate in the formation of several other groups, including esters and amides.

Answer 8

Carboxyl

Question 9

_________ are the results of a hydroxyl group and carboxylic acid reacting with one another. They are commonly found in many lipids.

Answer 9

Esters

Question 10

_________ groups can be thought of as hydroxyl analogs. They are found in the amino acid cysteine.

Answer 10

Thiol

Question 11

_________ result from the reaction of two thiol groups together. ________ reducing agents cleave the _________ and restore the two thiols.

Answer 11

Disulfide

Question 12

_________ have a large negative free energy of hydrolysis.

Answer 12

Thioester

Question 13

___________ groups are common to all classes of biological molecules. The lone pair of electrons on the ________ group can acquire a proton resulting in a positively charged amino acid.

Answer 13

Amino

Question 14

____________ are formed through the reaction of an amine and a carboxylic acid. Peptides are the ________ linkages found in proteins, but other ________ bonds are found throughout biochemistry.

Answer 14

Amide

Question 15

___________ are the result of the addition of a phosphate group to a hydroxyl group.

Answer 15

Phosphoesters

Question 16

_____________ are commonly found in nucleoside triphosphates like ATP and have a large negative free energy of hydrolysis.

Answer 16

Phosphoanhydrides.

Question 17

Molecule can be made more water soluble by adding more ________ groups.

Answer 17

Polar

Question 18

_________________ explains the making and breaking of bonds at the molecular level.

Answer 18

Reaction mechanism

Question 19

______________ are macromolecular assemblies of smaller building blocks.

Answer 19

Polymers.

Question 20

__________________ states that all reactions seek to move toward equilibrium.

Answer 20

Le Chatelier’s principle.

Question 21

If delta H is negative and delta S is positive the reaction will be _______________

Answer 21

Spontaneous.

Question 22

If delta H is positive and delta S is positive the reaction will be______________

Answer 22

Spontaneous at high temperatures.

Question 23

If delta H is negative and delta S is negative the reaction will be _____________

Answer 23

Spontaneous at low temperatures.

Question 24

if delta H is positive and delta S is negative the reaction will be __________

Answer 24

Never spontaneous.

Question 25

What is the formula for delta G?

Answer 25

Delta G= Delta H- T delta s