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Motivation and emotion > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 general reasons the brain is important?

A

Thinking brain, clinical diagnosis, Motivational brain, emotional brain

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2
Q

Describe the thinking brain

A

cognitive and intellectual functions thinking, learning, remembering, decision making problem solving

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3
Q

Describe clinical diagnosis

A

understand clinical conditions autism, dyslexia

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4
Q

describe motivated brain

A

Needs, drives, desires, liking and wanting, cravings

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5
Q

Describe emotional brain

A

emotions, feelings, affect, mood

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6
Q

The motivated and emotional brain principle 1

A

day to day activate specific brain structures

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7
Q

Describe day to day events that activate brain regions

A

Threat activates the amygdala, and reward activates the ventral striatum

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8
Q

the motivated and emotional brain, principles 2

A

activated brain structures then generate specific motivations and emotions

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9
Q

example of principle 2

A

amygdala generates fear
The prefrontal cortex generates self-control.

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10
Q

Two regions of the brain?

A

the subcortical region, a cortical region

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11
Q

how does the cortical region and subcortical region interact

A

The cortical region makes it possible through thought to fit the desire of the subcortical region

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12
Q

What does the subcortical region do

A

generates basic impulses- hunger, thirst, sex

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13
Q

Key subcortical brain structures

A

reticular formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area or VTA

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14
Q

What does the reticular formation do

A

plays a key role in arousal, alertness,and the process of awakening the brain to process sensory info

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15
Q

What are the two parts of reticular formation?

A

ascending which causes activation and descending which regulates

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16
Q

role of amygdala

A

is a collection of interconnected nuclei associated with emotion and motivation, mostly fear

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17
Q

hypothalamus role?

A

regulates a range of important biological functions, including eating, drinking and mating

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18
Q

Role of VTA

A

Part of the brain reward system, it manufactures and releases dopamine

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19
Q

Role of dopamine: dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter for

A

motivation and movement

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20
Q

the experience of reward or pleasure results from the release of

A

dopamine

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21
Q

the brain can be trained to feed off bursts of dopamine sparked by

A

rewarding experiences

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22
Q

Key cortical brain structures

A

prefrontal cortex, insula, orbitofrontal cortex and anteior cingulate cortex

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23
Q

Role of prefrontal cortex

A

These two cortical lobes underlie many important motivations, including affect/emotion, goals, and personal strivings.

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24
Q

What is the behavioural activation system

A

The behavioral activation system is activated within a person when they receive a signal from their environment or situation that something positive can be attained if they perform that activity.

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25
Q

Bas system is activated where?

A

The active left prefrontal cortex for people who have left dominant PFC

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26
Q

Behavioural inhibition system (BIS)

A

A system that predicts an individual’s response to anxiety-relevant cues in a given environment. Activated in times of punishment, neglect or boredom.

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27
Q

Role of orbitofrontal cortex

A

Stores and processes reward-related information that formulate their preferences and make choices between options.

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28
Q

Where is the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

lies beneath the prefrontal cortex

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29
Q

role of the anterior cingulate cortex

A

Attention, monitoring conflict, making choices, predicting consequences, and alerting other brain areas

30
Q

What is the stress hormone?

A

cortisol

31
Q

when is cortisol activated?

A

during stressful situations

32
Q

short-term but long-term associations with cortisol

A

short- has an adaptive function
long-term- poor intellectual functioning, negative affect, poor health concerns

33
Q

Cortisol is produced by blank acess

A

HPA

34
Q

Oxytocin is known as blank. Role?

A

Known as the bonding hormone, supports the tend and befriend stress hormone, and raises trust in others.

35
Q

Oxytocin motivates what

A

seeking counsel, support, and care of others during stress

36
Q

Testosterone: associated with what traits

A

high competition, status-seeking and sexual motivation

37
Q

Testosterone underlies what behaviour. Underlies what effort

A

underlies status-seeking behaviour

Underlies the mating effort

38
Q

What is a need?

A

Any condition within the person that is essential and necessary for life, growth, and well-being

39
Q

When needs are nurtured and satisfied what occurs

A

growth occurs, life is maintained, and well being is enhanced

40
Q
A
41
Q

If needs are neglected or thr

A

damage occurs that disrupts biological or psychological well being

42
Q

Three types of needs

A
  1. psychological needs 2. physiological needs 3. implicit motives
43
Q

Physiological needs

A

Biological condition within the organism that synchronizes brain structures, hormones, and major organs that regulate bodily well-being

44
Q

psychological needs

A

Inherent psychological process underlying the proactive desire to seek out interactions that promote personal growth, social dev, and psychological well-being

45
Q

implicit motives

A

internalized or learned from our emotional and socialization histories

46
Q

Model of the need drive behaviour sequence

A
  1. satiated state -> physiological deprivation develops -> prolonged physiological deprivation produces bodily needs -> need intensifies -> goal directed behaviour to attempt to gratify drive -> gratifying behaviour -> drive is reduced -> system occurs again
47
Q

Describe the 1st steps of the model.

A

Physiological need describe a deficient biological condition

48
Q

describe step 2 Drive

A

conscious manifestation of an underlying unconscious physiological need

49
Q

step 3 homeostasis

A

bodies tendency to maintain an internal stable state

50
Q
  1. negative feedback
A

the phonological “stop system” for homeostasis

51
Q

5 input and output

A

input:input= means of activation, output= different goal directed behaviour

52
Q

intraorganismic mechanisms

A

include all the biological regulatory systems that activate, maintain, and terminate a need. include brain structures

53
Q

extra-organismic mechanisms

A

Include all the environmental. influences that activate, maintain and terminate a psychological drive

54
Q

3 important psychological needs

A

thirst, hunger, sex

55
Q

describe thirst

A

consciously experienced motivation state to cause the need to replenish the water deficit

56
Q

hunger

A

involves a regulatory system of both short-term regulation and long-term energy balance

57
Q

sex

A

sexual motivation rises and falls in response to a host of factors, including hormones, external stimulation and cues, cognitive scripts

58
Q

thirst involves what processes

A

physiological regulation, thirst activation, thirst satiety, hypothalamus and kidneys and environmental influences

59
Q

When does this occur bodily?

A

when there is a deficit in body fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid

60
Q

the important role of kidneys and hypothalamus

A

hypo detects little water and sends message to the kidneys, kidneys maintain water making pee more concentrated

61
Q

glucostastic hypothesis for hunger:

A

increase/decrease in glucose signals to increase or decrease eating

62
Q

lipostatic hypothesis

A

Fat tissue secretes ghrelin when hungry and leptin when full

63
Q

Can we determine our set weight point?

A

no, it has a range

64
Q

set point theory?

A

everyone has a genetically pre-determined body weight or set point, which is resistant to change

65
Q

traditional sex response

A

desire-> arousal-> orgasms-> resolution

66
Q

alternative sex response

A

inteimacy needs-> being open and responsive to sexual stimuli-> arousal-> desire-> enhanced intamacy

67
Q

Sex model 5 steps

A

intimacy needs-> sexual stimuli-> sexual arousal-> sexual desire to continue-> enhanced intimacy

68
Q

evolutionary basis for sex

A

men and women have evolved distinct psychological mechanisms that underlie their sexual motivations and mating strategies

69
Q

what men want

A

young attractive mates

70
Q

what women want

A

powerful high status mates

Motivation and emotion (9 decks)

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