Week 2 Flashcards
(54 cards)
What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?
This is where the 2 tubes don’t separate properly.
If you were worried about a baby & put a catheter down in the direction of their mouth to their stomach…& it stopped early on its journey…what might that indicate?
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Esophageal Tresion
What are some things that could cause right upper quadrant pain?
Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis,Cholecystitis, gallbladder carcinoma, cirrhosis, hepatitis, portal hypertension, pancreatitis, duodenal tumor, gastroparesis
What didn’t fit about gallbladder carcinoma & duodenal carcinoma with our patient’s case?
The pain of these 2 things wouldn’t be intermittent b/c they are fairly fast growing.
What are yellow eyes from jaundice called?
scleral icterus–>this is caused by elevated bilirubin
What are some things that could cause scleral icterus?
cirrhosis
pancreatitis
gallbladder carcinoma
obstruction in the biliary tract
What are 2 things that could indicate an infection?
high temp & fast pulse
What’s the rule of thumb for whether a fast pulse rate is just b/c of a fever?
Every degree your temperature is high–>your pulse rate goes up 10 points.
What is the Murphy sign?
You have a patient take a deep breath & push on the patient’s RUQ. If they stop breathing then that is a positive sign.
What would you do in your physical exam ALWAYS if a patient has a bowel complaint?
a rectal exam–>unless you don’t have a finger!
You look for blood & color of the stool.
If you get clay-colored stool what does that mean?
No bile in the intestine!!
If you have a patient who has been vomiting for hours–>what might that indicate in terms of hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin may be high just b/c the patient is dehydrated.
If you have a high PMN–>what does that indicate?
high polymorphic neutrophils
this probably indicates an infection
If alkaline phosphatase is elevated–>what does that indicate?
this comes from the bone & GI tract. If it is elevated then it is indicative of an obstruction in the biliary tract.
Given this patient’s case–>what would an ultrasound help you to look at & rule out?
Would look at gallstones & dilation of the common bile duct.
Can see if you have cholelithiasis or obstruction to the biliary tree
Given this patient’s case–>what would an abdominal X-ray help you look at & rule out?
You can see if there is air outside of the intestines. this would indicate a duodenal perforation. If this were the issue there would be diffuse abdominal pain, however.
Given the patient’s case–>what would pancreatic enzymes help with determining?
It would help in looking at pancreatitis.
What 2 things make up the common bile duct?
cystic duct
common hepatic duct
What makes up the ampulla of Vater? And connects to the sphincter of Oddi?
common bile duct
pancreatic duct
What would an obstruction to the common bile duct do to bilirubin levels?
It would increase the levels of conjugated direct bilirubin…
What is alkaline phosphatase?
An enzyme that is produced by the liver & concentrated in the linings of the biliary ducts.
What are some things that could cause an obstruct in the biliary tree?
gallstones inflammation tumors, trauma pancreatic cancer
What is the basic building block of bile? And what are the 2 common bile salts?
cholesterol
glycocholic acid
taurocholic acid
What is the formal name for gallstones? What are the 3 levels?
Cholelithiasis
Biliary Colic
Cholecystitis
Gallstone pancreatitis
