Week 4

Question 1

What is LDL-Cholesterol? Is this the same as LDL?

Answer 1

the weight of the constituent cholesterol within the particle in a deciliter of blood
**not the same as LDL

Question 2

Can you get the same LDL-C w/ different particle sizes?

Answer 2

YES!

A few large particles v. many small particles–>same LDL-C

Question 3

What is primordial prevention?

Answer 3

it is the idea that we should be preventing people from getting the risk factors!

Question 4

When you have metabolic syndrome, what is the highest priority to get rid of it?

Answer 4

weight loss & increased physical activity

Question 5

What is a good strategy for increasing satiety?

Answer 5

decreasing energy density of foods

eating more food

Question 6

If heartburn isn’t b/c of GERD…what else could it be?

Answer 6

angina–>need to think heart, too

Question 7

What is the difference b/w primary & secondary prevention?

Answer 7

Primary Prevention: before the big incident occurs, like the heart attack
Secondary Prevention: after the heart attack, recovery & preventing it from happening again…

Question 8

What is the main goal when dealing with the medical issues of obesity?

Answer 8

sustained weight loss

better to lose 7 lbs & keep it off than lose 40 lbs & gain it back…

Question 9

What do you consider to be premature cardiovascular disease in a 1st degree relative?
For men:
Fore Women:

Answer 9

For Men: issue @ age 45-55

For Women: issues @ age 55-65

Question 10

What are the 3 biggest substance abuse issues in terms of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 10

alcohol
Meth
Cocaine

Question 11

Why is a fundoscopic exam so important?

Answer 11

with it you can look in the back of the eye–>see the vasculature!!

Question 12

How could the PMI give you a clue of HTN?

Answer 12

HTN–>left ventricular hypertrophy–>PMI displaced to the left

Question 13

What are rales a sign of?

Answer 13

left-sided heart failure

Question 14

What is the primary cause of heart disease & stroke?

Answer 14

athersclerosis

Question 15

What qualifies you for having metabolic syndrome?

Answer 15

3/5 problems:

1. increased waist circumference
2. elevated triglycerides
3. Low HDL cholesterol
4. HTN
5. Impaired Fasting Glucose

Question 16

What are the lipids that predominate during fasting? During feeding?

Answer 16

Fed State: Chylomicrons

Fasting: VLDL

Question 17

What coordinates more with risk? LDL particle number or LDL-C?

Answer 17

LDL particle number!