week 2

Question 1

B2 (riboflavin) coenzymes

Answer 1

FAD and FMN

Question 2

B3 Niacin coenzymes

Answer 2

NAD+ and NADP+

Question 3

B1 thiamin coenyzme

Answer 3

TDP/TPP

use phosphatase to make the coenzyme

thiamine pyrophosphokinase to make into coenzyme

Question 4

anti thiamine factors causing b1 deficiency

Answer 4

sulphur dioxide
thiaminases
polyphenols

Question 5

b1 defieincy affects CNS

Answer 5

wenicke Korsakoff syndrome

wet beriberi - cardiovascular sysstem

dry beriberi- CNS

Question 6

b1 testing via

Answer 6

transketolase activity

Question 7

riboflavin B2 into FAD and FMN

Answer 7

metabolize riboflavin to make coenzyme: FAD synthetase and flavokinase

absorp into b2: FAD pyrophosphates and FMN phosphatase

Question 8

b2 and b3 help to regenerate which antioxidant

Answer 8

glutathione

via fadh and nad

Question 9

b2 and neurotransmitter metabolism

Answer 9

AMINES; dopamine, NE, E

Question 10

test b2 defieincy

Answer 10

glutathione reductase

Question 11

b3 name

Answer 11

nicotinic acid or nicotiamdie

nicotinamide better supplement than the acid bc side effects (i.e. skin flushing)

coenzyme: NADH NADPH

Question 12

corn and niacin bound to other things effects absorption

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

nicotine acid cause niacin flush via

Answer 13

vasodilatory prostaglandin release via cycylooxygenase

NSAIDs inhibit COX

Question 14

nicotinic acid (b3) does what to clots

Answer 14

enhanced fibrinolysis

• Actions on plasmin (increases) and fibrinogen (decreases)

dissolve clots

Question 15

nicotinic acid effect on fats

Answer 15

Decreases circulating VDLD/LDL and increases HDL

Question 16

symptoms of niacin B3 deficiency

Answer 16

Pellagra: dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea, death

Question 17

vitamin B5 (patothenic acid)

Answer 17

coenzyme A

i..e acetyl coa, succinyl coa, fatty acyl coa

Question 18

vitamin B6 (pyrixdox -al, ine, amine) for what rxns

Answer 18

transamination

amino acids and alpha ketoacids

pyruvate –> alanine
oxaloacetate –> aspartate
alpha ketoglutarate –> glutamate

other types of reactions, including:
▪ Trans- and de- sulfhydration ▪ Decarboxylation

Question 19

forms of B6 pyridox-

Answer 19

6 forms of vitamins

Question 20

coenzyme of B6

Answer 20

PLP pyridoxal phosphate

Question 21

b6 helps to make b3 (NAD+ coenyme) from the amino acid

Answer 21

tryptophan

Question 22

b6 and neurotrasnmistter

Answer 22

tryptophan –> GABA
tyrosine –> dopamine
glutamate –> GABA

Question 23

how does b6 make anti inflammatory prostaglandins

Answer 23

via turning linoleic acid to gamma linoleum acid

Question 24

b6 help with CVD risk by

Answer 24

turning homocysteine into cysteine

Question 25

test for B6

Answer 25

tryptophan load test if deficient have high levels of xanthurenic acid (bc need PLP to continue rxn)

Question 26

b7 biotin coenzyme

Answer 26

lysine + CO2 to absorb need to remove carboxylase enzyme does carboxylation rxn

Question 27

folate B9 coezynme

Answer 27

THF (glutamates + A H's + 1C) tetrahydrofolate

Question 28

THF helps make

Answer 28

purine and pyrimidine (DNA) deficincet could be megaloblastic anemia, spina bifida, cancer

Question 29

whew is b9 folate stored

Answer 29

liver trapped as polyGlu then transported via blood as MonoGLu

Question 30

b9 helps with which amino acids

Answer 30

methionine from homocysteine with b12 too

Question 31

methyl folate trap from what vitamin deficiency

Answer 31

b12

Question 32

methyl folate made from

Answer 32

It is made from methyleneTHF (MTHF) via the MTHFR enzyme need b12

Question 33

folate b9 correlates with

Answer 33

dopamine and serotonin

Question 34

b12 cobalamin coenzymes

Answer 34

methylcobalmin (for methyl rxn) (methyl folate to homocysteine) (make methionine and regenerate THF) adenosylcobalamin (for succinyl to propionyl coa)

Question 35

b12 in stomach

Answer 35

pepsin and Hcl release it from food carried by r proteins intrinsic factor picks it up from r protein and brings down to ileum for absorption

Question 36

b12 absorption

Answer 36

B12-IF-R via receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 37

b12 deficiency from

Answer 37

hypochondria (HCL low) or Intrinsic factor deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia/ pernicious anemia

Question 38

b12 deficient test

Answer 38

Homocysteine or ▪ Methylmalonic acid would be increase in both if deficient