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Managing People in Organisations > week 2 > Flashcards

week 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of knowledge?

A

Explicit, Tacit, Organsational

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2
Q

What is Tacit knowledge

A

Knowledge that is difficult to communicate, often an individual’s experience and intuition

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3
Q

What is explicit knowledge?

A

Information that is easily shared, often in tangible forms like manuals, databases, or websites

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4
Q

What is organisational knowledge?

A

The expertise, skills, and information an organisation uses to achieve its goals.

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5
Q

What are the benefits of knowledge management?

A

Competitive advantage and innovation

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6
Q

What was the first thing Honey and Mumford (1986) say for when learning has occurred?

A

When someone knows something they did not know earlier and can show it

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7
Q

What was the Second thing Honey and Mumford (1986) say for when learning has occurred?

A

When someone is able to do something which they were not able to do before

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8
Q

What does learning imply?

A

A new internal state that can result in new behaviours, actions, understanding and knowledge

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9
Q

Learning is a process of…

A

Acquiring new information

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10
Q

Memory is a…

A

Persistence of learning

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11
Q

Memory is also an…

A

Outcome of learning

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12
Q

What are the external factors influencing the learning process?

A

Relationships, Rewards and punishments, environment, context and methods

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13
Q

What is the internal process?

A

Perception
Memory
Motivation
Attitudes
Ability level
Emotions

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14
Q

Behaviourist learning theory means learning is…

A

about changing behaviour

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15
Q

Behaviourist learning is about learning by…

A

Reward and punishment

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16
Q

What is Gestalt psychology

A

Learning through patterns and associations

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17
Q

Gestalt means

A

Form, pattern and configuration

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18
Q

Koffka says

A

‘the whole is different than the sum of its parts’

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19
Q

What are examples of gestalt psychology

A

Perceiving a melody, a familiar face, making mind maps, stories to remember lists

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20
Q

Cognitive learning theory says learning is

A

about acquiring knowledge

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21
Q

What is Kolb’s (1984) learning cycle

A

Concrete experience - reflective observation - abstract conceptualisation - active experimentation

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22
Q

What is concrete experience

A

Doing/having an experience

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23
Q

Reflective observation

A

Reviewing/reflecting on the experience

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24
Q

Abstract conceptualisation

A

Concluding/learning from the experience

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25
Active experimentation
Planning/trying out what has been learned
26
The Honey and Mumford learning cycle is about learning
From experiences
27
What is the Honey and Mumford learning cycle (1986) about
theorising about what happened in a learning experience and how it helps you in similar situations
28
What is the Honey and Mumford learning cycle (1986)
stage 1 - activist, stage 2 - reflector, stage 3 - theorist, stage 4 - pragmatist
29
what is stage 1 in the Honey and Mumford learning cycle
Having an experience
30
What is stage 2 in the Honey and Mumford learning cycle
Reviewing the experience
31
What is stage 3 in the Honey and Mumford learning cycle
Concluding from the experience
32
What is stage 4 in the Honey and Mumford learning cycle
Planning the next step
33
What are the VARK learning strategies (Fleming 2001)
Visual strategies, Aural strategies, Read/Write strategies and Kinaesthetic strategies
34
What are the 4 parts of the knowledge creation spiral
Tacit, Explicit, combination and internalisation knowledge
35
In the knowledge creation spiral, what is tacit tacit knowledge?
socialisation - sharing experiences, observing, imitating, brainstorming
36
In the knowledge creation spiral, what is tacit explicit knowledge?
Externalisation - writing it down, creating metaphors and analogies, modelling
37
In the knowledge creation spiral, what is explicit tacit knowledge?
Internalisation - access to codified knowledge, goal based training
38
In the knowledge creation spiral, what is explicit explicit knowledge?
Combination - sorting, adding, categorising, methodology creation, best practices
39
is facts, figures learning by rote, out of context (surface or deep learning)
Surface
40
is deeper understanding, making links, comparisons, evaluation, developing new conceptual awareness (surface or deep learning)
Deep
41
is knowledge how/knowledge of (surface or deep learning)
deep
42
Knowledge that (surface or deep learning)
surface
43
is learning that has no real interest in the knowledge of itself, it is a means to an end (surface or deep learning)
surface
44
Is learning as part of a pattern or in context (surface or deep learning)
Deep
45
Explicit knowledge developing into tacit knowledge through experience (surface or deep learning)
Deep
46
Is Explicit knowledge only (surface or deep learning)
Surface
47
Deutero learning is...
Learning to learn
48
An example of deutero learning is...
prison officer telling one inmate to get a new id that is worn but another id that is broken that they should fix it leaving other inmates confused
49
Batesons levels of learning suggests...
That increased individual creativity derives from learning to learn
50
What was Carol Dweck's research?
Beliefs people hold, their mindsets and how it affects motivation, achievement and well-being
51
Carol Dweck says intelligence is...
Fixed and unchangeable (fixed mindset)
52
Carol Dweck (2019) says belief of intelligence is...
Intelligence can be developed trough effort, good strategies and input and mentoring from others (growth mindset)
53
What are the five factors underpinning successful learning
Wanting to learn, needing to learn, learning by doing, learning through feedback and making sense of things/digesting
54
What is knowledge management
Turning individual learning into organisational learning
55
What is organisational knowledge?
Knowledge which is a collective property of an organisation
56
Organisational learning is...
the sharing and transfer of individual knowledge so it becomes collective property of an organisation
57
What did Drucker say about management knowledge now?
it has become the central capital, the cost centre and the crucial resource of the economy
58
what did argyris (1999) say about organisational learning
Organisational learning is a competence all organisations should develop.
59
For types of organisational knowledge, what is tacit individual
Embodied
60
For types of organisational knowledge, what is tacit collective
Encultured
61
For types of organisational knowledge, what is explicit individual
Embrained
62
For types of organisational knowledge, what is Explicit collective/organisational
Embedded and encoded
63
Senge (1990) says the learning organisation is...
a coherent social entity that can learn like a biological system to adapt and survive in its changing environment
64
Argyris and Schon (1978) says the learning organisation is...
Where single and double loop learning happens to facilitate change
65
The learning organisation is typically...
a post bureaucratic organisation
66
What are the 5 basic features of the learning organisation
Personal Mastery, Mental models, shared vision, team learning and systems thinking
67
What is team learning? (Social learning theory)
Sharing knowledge within teams
68
What did Edmondson say about team learning (social learning theory)
Knowledge from outside the group
69
What did hollingshead (1998) and Wegner (1995) say about transactive memory
Where is the knowledge located in the team and how they utilise it
70
What does Orr (1996) say about war stories
technical knowledge is a socially distributed resource stored and diffused primarily through an oral culture
71
What did Wenger say about communities of practice
Groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly
72
Informal groups are created by individuals to...
Share information and knowledge through individual contributions as well as utilise varied & random skills and expertise
73
Who introduced the concept of deutero learning
Argyris and Schon
74
what is the single loop system
strategies and techniques - results - strategies and techniques
75
What is a double loop system
strategies and techniques - results - assumptions - strategies and techniques
76

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