week 7 Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
motivation is a what force
A
driving
2
Q
the drive of motivation also needs direction and what
A
maintenance
3
Q
motivation is a what phenomenon
A
individual
4
Q
Greenberg and Baron (2003) said motivation and job performance are not…
A
the same
5
Q
performance is what x motivation
A
function of ability
6
Q
on the job performance rectangle what are the 3 contributing factors
A
individual attributes
work effort
organisational support
7
Q
what is individual attributes
A
capacity to perform
8
Q
what is work effort
A
willingness to perform
9
Q
what is organisational support
A
opportunity to perform
10
Q
in the basic motivation process is the ideal self and actual self are connected to themselves and what
A
needs
11
Q
in the basic motivation process needs are connected to 3 things, goals, expectations and what
A
motives and drives
12
Q
goals are linked with needs expectations and what
A
behaviour
13
Q
behaviour is linked with what
A
self-monitoring
14
Q
self monitoring is linked with what
A
monitor outcomes
15
Q
what are the 3 needs and expectations at work people really want from work
A
economic rewards
intrinsic satisfaction
social relationships
16
Q
work as a source of income is most important in Japan but where is it least important
A
The Netherlands/holland
17
Q
work as a source of interest and satisfaction is highest in Israel and the Netherlands but lowest in where
A
Japan
18
Q
Taylor had the rational economic needs concept of motivation, he saw money as what for work
A
the main motivator
19
Q
Taylor said employees would want the highest possible
A
wages
20
Q
Taylor said employees’ performance would only be limited by what
A
fatigue
21
Q
the task of management was to find the…
A
one best way
22
Q
what is the definition of intrinsic motivation
A
Behaviour motivated by intrinsic factors such as self-expression, interest, and enjoyment
23
Q
what is the definition of extrinsic motivation
A
Behaviour motivated by extrinsic factors such as the promise of reward or threat of punishment
24
Q
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? Motivated to finish reading because you are interested
A
intrinsic
25
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Working because you need the money
extrinsic
26
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation? changing job because you want the challenge
intrinsic
27
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Motivated to work in difficult jobs that challenge you
intrinsic
28
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Study to get a high-paying job
extrinsic
29
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Changing jobs because you are certain you will be fired
extrinsic
30
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Study to improve yourself
intrinsic
31
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Working because you find the job stimulating and enjoyable
intrinsic
32
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?Motivated to finish reading to meet a deadline
extrinsic
33
intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?motivated to work in difficult jobs to get the pay rise
extrinsic
34
stimulus response psychology (behaviourism) can also be called what
carrot and stick approach by reward and punishment
35
using pay as a reward or threat of withholding pay as punishment is a form of/focus on
extrinsic motivators
36
carrot and stick can be described as motivation or what
coercion
37
who coined classical conditioning
Pavlov
38
what is an example of classical conditioning
a bell rings and a dog knows its feeding time
39
in classical conditioning, there is an extinction if the stimulus is not what
maintained
40
who coined operant conditioning
Skinner
41
Skinner said reinforcement doesn't need to be what
constant
42
fixed and variable schedules of reinforcement are what type of rewards
intermittent
43
Gambling is an example of operant conditioning as it has a powerful control on what
behaviour
44
who created operant conditioning theory
Skinner
45
learning and behaviour changes occur when behaviour is what
reinforced
46
operant condition will motivate employees into particular types of what behaviours
desired
47
what is the definition of positive reinforcement
Addition of a positive consequence following a desired behaviour
48
what is the definition of negative reinforcement
Removal of a negative consequence following a desired behaviour
49
what is the definition of extinction reinforcement
Withholding of a consequence following a certain behaviour
50
what is the definition of punishment reinforcement
Addition of a negative consequence following an undesired behaviour
51
what are the disadvantages of behaviourism
Exactly what behaviours are rewarded?
Underlying behaviour change, or simply meeting targets?
Coercion doesn’t genuinely motivate
Surface: relies on extrinsic not intrinsic rewards
52
what are the advantages of behaviourism
in some cases behaviour is changed
Use in the workplace: knowledge and learning; change management; leadership
53
what is the order of the main theories of work motivation
early ideas on work motivation - content theories - process theories - contemporary theories
54
what is the order of ideas for the main theories of motvation
scientific management with Taylor - Hawthorne experiments and human relations - development of competing theories of work motivation
55
what comes under content theories for motivation
emphasis on what motivates individuals
56
what individuals were major writers for content theories of motivation
Maslow, Alderney, Herzberg and McClelland
57
what comes under Process theories for motivation
emphasis on the actual process of motivation
58
what were the major theories for process theories for motivation
expectancy theories (Vroom, Porter and Lawler), Equity theory (Adam) and Goal theory (Locke)
59
what was theories of the contemporary approaches to motivation
the meaning of work, orientations to work, inner work life theory
60
what is the 9 parts of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
self-actualisation, freedom of inquiry and expression, transcendence, aesthetics, to know and to understand, esteem, affiliation, safety and biological
61
what are the 5 needs of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualisation
62
what are the critiques of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in terms of ubiquitous management
that it is empirically unproven in the workplace
63
another critique was that Maslow's background was in...
primatology
64
was Maslow convinced of its use in the workplace
no
65
maslows theory was a an over-what application in mnagement theory
simplistic
66
what type of person does it privilege
elitist white heterosexual male view of the world
67
who came up with the contemporary idea of emotional needs theory or drive?
Nohria, Groysberg and lee
68
if the need to acquire is the drive then what is the primary lever
reward system
69
if the need to bond is the drive then what is the primary lever
culture
70
if the need to comprehend is the drive then what is the primary lever
job design
71
If the need to defend is the drive then what is the primary lever
performance management and resource-allocation process
72
what are the 3 basic needs of the growth mindset
autonomy, competence and relatedness
73
with a growth mindset meet needs = ?
becoming intrinsically motivated
74
goal orientation theory says there is 2 mindsets which are...
fixed and growth
75
a growth mindset influences how you approach a task or something that is...
difficult to do
76
are hygiene factors dissatisfying or satisfying
dissatisfying
77
are motivators dissatisfying or satisfying
satisfying
78
For hygiene factors, what does it mean if the employee is absent or present
dissatisfaction if absent, no dissatisfaction if present
79
for motivator factors, does it matter if the employee is absent
no, it doesn't matter, it matters only when they are present
80
what are the 3 core job characteristics
skill variety
task identity
task significance
81
in the job characteristics model, what is the definition of feedback from job
knowledge of the actual results of the work activities
82
in the job characteristics model, what is the definition of autonomy
experienced responsibility for outcomes of the work
83
in the job characteristics model, skill variety, task identity and task significance what is the definition of the entirety of the three combined
experienced meaningfulness of the work
84
in the job characteristics model, what are the outcomes
high internal work motivation, high growth satisfaction, high general job satisfaction and high work effectiveness
85
what are the 3 moderators in-between core job characteristics and critical psychological states and critical psychological states and outcomes
1. knowledge and skill
2. Growth needs strength
3. context satisfactions
86
what is the definition of job satisfaction
general attitude one has towards their job
87
what are the 5 factors influencing job satisfaction
individual, social, cultural, organisational and environmental
88
Adams equity theory is when...
you compare your own inputs/outputs to another person's inputs/outputs
89
if judgment is that equity is present what happens
you continue with matters as you are
90
if equity isn't present what are the steps
tension, motivation to remove tension, action to remove tension and restore equity
91
what is a real life example for Adams equity theory
equal gender pay
92
what are the 3 parts of vroom's valence-expectancy model
expectancy, intrusmentality and valence
93
what is the equation for vroom's valence-expectancy model
m = E x I x V
94
what do the letters in vroom's valence-expectancy model stand for
motivation = expectancy x instrumentality x valence
95
what are the ,and the order they're in, 3 key elements linked to expectancy, instrumentality and valence
motivational force - performance - outcomes - motivation
96
motivational force is linked to e, v or I?
e, expectancy
97
outcomes is linked to e, v or I?
v, Valence
98
performance is linked to e, v or I?
I, instrumentality
99
who coined goal theory (1990)
Locke and Latham
100
Locke and Latham said goals need to have what 5 features
specific, have targets, incentives linked to task achievement, have feedback and owned by the individual
101
performance, learning, behavioural, attitudinal and subconscious primed are all types of what
goals
102
who were the founding of the 5 different types of goals
Latham & seijts (2016)
103
hughes' argument behind the meaning of work was that work is a...
significant marker of our identity within society
104
societal imperative to work, religious work ethics, not working seen as deviant, school and family and employability skills are all reasons for what question
why do we work
105
what are the 3 different types of job orientation coined by goldthorpe (1968)
instrumental/attitude
bureaucratic orientation
solidaristic orientation
106
what are the 3 other things that are orientations that gldthorpe (1968) said were important for work ethic
different work situations
sense of identity
work/life balance
107
what did Marx and Blauner say were the 4 main factors employees feel when alienated at work
Powerlessness, meaninglessness, isolation and self-estrangement
108
in the inner work life theory coined by Amiable and Kramer (2007), what are the 5 things that comes after workday events and before emotions in the inner work life system
perceptions, the work, the self, the team, the organisation
109
in the inner work life theory coined by Amiable and Kramer (2007) and in the inner work life system, what are the 2 things meant by the work
meaning and value & what needs to be done
110
in the inner work life theory coined by Amiable and Kramer (2007) and in the inner work life system, what are the 3 things that make up the self
role in the team, project and organisation
capability/confidenfce
value
111
in the inner work life theory coined by Amiable and Kramer (2007) and in the inner work life system, what is meant by emotions
reactions to workday events
112
what are exemplar emotions that would usually be on display
happiness, pride, warmth, love, sadness, anger, frustration and fear
113
in the inner work life theory coined by Amiable and Kramer (2007) and in the inner work life system, what comes after emotions
work performance
114
in the inner work life theory coined by Amiable and Kramer (2007) and in the inner work life system what is connected to emotions and the 5 variable of the workday for the employee
motivation for work
115
what to do, whether to do it, how to do it and when to do it are all examples of what in the inner work life system
motivation for work
